Journal
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 171, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113524
Keywords
Alternariol (AOH); Alternariol monomethyl ether (AME); Tenuazonic acid (TeA); Combined toxicity; Apoptosis; DNA damage
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In this study, the single and combined toxicities of Alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA) were analyzed using the human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1). The results showed that AOH + AME + TeA exhibited synergistic toxic effects and induced apoptosis and DNA damage pathways.
Alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and tenuazonic acid (TeA) are the three major Alter-naria toxin contaminants in food. In the present study, we conducted their single and combined toxicity analyses using human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) that was first exposed to the toxins when they entered the human body. By comparing the cytotoxicity IC50, we found that compared to several other mycotoxins with limit standards there was cytotoxicity DON > OTA > AME > AOH > ZEN > TeA. Further, we obtained combination index (CI)-isobologram equation by the Chou-Talalay method according to a toxin ratio of 1:1:2 and carried out the combined toxicity analysis of the three binary and ternary compounds, and the results showed that AOH + AME + TeA showed synergistic toxic effects. Based on the co-occurring status, we also carried out the combined toxicity analysis of AME and AOH at different ratios and found antagonistic effects at low cytotoxic concen-trations as well as synergistic and additive effects at high concentrations. Also, we found that all three and their combinations caused apoptosis, activation of caspase-3 cleavage, activation of DNA damage pathways ATR-Chk1-P53 and ATM-Chk2-P53. In conclusion, we used GES-1 cells to inform the risk of coaction of AOH, AME, and TeA in dietary exposure.
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