4.5 Article

Study on control of upstream smoke propagation in road tunnels by using a side-wall sprinkler system

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Construction & Building Technology

Estimation of the effects of water mist system on the tunnel critical velocity due to smoke cooling

Tao Deng et al.

Summary: This study investigates the influence of a water mist system on the critical velocity of tunnels. A theoretical model is developed and validated using CFD simulations, and it is found that the evaporation rate of the mists is the dominant factor affecting the critical velocity reduction.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Effects of the water spray system on the air-driving force required in longitudinally ventilated road tunnels

Tao Deng et al.

Summary: This study investigates the pressure losses due to flow acceleration, stack effect, and friction in tunnels that use a water mist or a deluge system. Theoretical analyses and FDS modelling are combined to derive analytical models for pressure loss calculations. The proposed correlations between the key parameters and the pressure losses are reliable and can provide accurate predictions, as concluded from comparisons with FDS simulations.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Experimental and numerical study on the flow field of longitudinally ventilated tunnels with water spray system

Tao Deng et al.

Summary: Experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to study the impact of water sprays on airflow in longitudinally ventilated tunnels. The results showed that water sprays induce a water-air jet, causing blockage to incoming air and deflecting the air stream towards the ceiling. Dimensional and theoretical analyses revealed that the maximum increase in mean velocity is determined by the water spray's momentum ratio and the proportion of spray areas in the ceiling zone and tunnel cross section. The findings provide guidance for the design of tunnel fire fighting systems and water curtain strategies.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Engineering, Civil

Experimental study of back-layering length and critical velocity in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fire with various rectangular cross-sections

Tianhang Zhang et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of tunnel aspect ratios on smoke back flow in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires through scale model tests and theoretical analyses. The increase of tunnel width was found to enhance heat transfer and reduce smoke layer thickness, leading to decreased back-layering length and critical velocity. New correlations were proposed to predict these parameters with improved physical significance, showing good agreement with experimental data. Additionally, it was observed that non-dimensional critical velocity decreases with increasing aspect ratio under small fire conditions, ultimately approaching a limiting value. The determination of fire scale depends on aspect ratio when non-dimensional heat release rate is lower than 0.44, suggesting a relationship between tunnel geometry and fire size.

FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL (2021)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Numerical simulation on the maximum temperature and smoke back-layering length in a tilted tunnel under natural ventilation

Xiaolei Zhang et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of fire on smoke flow in a tilted tunnel under natural ventilation through numerical simulations. Results showed that tunnel slope, fire source heat release rate, source-ceiling height, and tunnel width significantly affected the maximum temperature and smoke back-layering length.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Study of smoke back-layering length with different longitudinal fire locations in inclined tunnels under natural ventilation

Jie Kong et al.

Summary: The study investigates the effect of longitudinal fire locations on smoke behavior characteristics induced by inclined tunnel fires. Simulation results show that the smoke back-layering length decreases with increasing downstream length, and there is a linear positive correlation between upstream inlet airflow velocity and downstream length. The study also establishes a new prediction equation for the dimensionless smoke back-layering length.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Engineering, Civil

Experimental investigation of smoke temperature and movement characteristics in tunnel fires with canyon cross wind

Dia Luan et al.

Summary: Experimental tests were conducted in a model-scale tunnel to investigate the impact of canyon cross wind on smoke temperature and movement characteristics of tunnel fires. Results provided insights into temperature distribution, smoke back-layering length, and smoke stratification, offering engineering reference for smoke control and safe evacuation of mountain tunnels.

JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS (2021)

Article Engineering, Civil

An experimental study on smoke back-layering and critical velocity in tunnel fires with canyon cross wind

Wangda Zhao et al.

Summary: This study experimentally investigated the thermal smoke back-layering and critical velocity of highway tunnels in alpine gorge areas with canyon crosswinds. The results showed that increasing longitudinal ventilation velocity decreases smoke back-layering length, while increasing canyon crosswind velocity increases both critical velocity and smoke back-layering length.

JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS (2021)

Article Construction & Building Technology

A numerical study on critical velocity and back-layering length with trains' blockage in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires

Xiaochun Zhang et al.

Summary: The study found through numerical simulations that in arched tunnels with train blockages, the smoke can be divided into two parts based on the velocity direction of the smoke movement. A new formula for predicting critical velocity, taking into account the effects of tunnel cross-section and blockage, was proposed and showed good consistency with the results. It was inferred from the distribution of longitudinal velocity that different heat release rates have little effect on the reduction rate of velocity.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Experimental study on smoke movement characteristics in tunnel fires with different canyon cross wind yaw angles

Yongjiang Shen et al.

Summary: Experimental study investigated the impact of canyon cross wind yaw angle on maximum ceiling gas temperature, position of maximum ceiling gas temperature, smoke back-layering length and downstream smoke spread length of tunnel fires. Results showed that the maximum ceiling gas temperature increased with the increasing wind yaw angle in the range of 45 degrees-90 degrees, but remained steady when the angle was in 90 degrees-135 degrees. The study also established a normalized maximum ceiling gas temperature linear correlation based on dimensional analysis.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Engineering, Civil

The combined effect of a water mist system and longitudinal ventilation on the fire and smoke dynamics in a tunnel

Yuanjun Liu et al.

Summary: The study found that the combined effect of a water mist system (WMS) and longitudinal ventilation (LV) has a complex impact on fire HRR and smoke temperature. The velocity and water volume flow rate of WMS and LV have significant effects on reducing fire, and the combined effect of WMS and LV can lead to non-monotonic behavior. Activating WMS can significantly reduce the required ventilation velocities for a specific back-layering distance.

FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL (2021)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Numerical investigation on the stability of tunnel smoke stratification under the effect of water spray and longitudinal ventilation

Tao Deng et al.

Summary: A two-layer thermal flow model was built to investigate the effects of water spray on tunnel smoke stratification, and the role of ventilation and water spray on smoke movement was observed through numerical simulations. Increasing ventilation rate promotes horizontal smoke displacement but weakens maximum downward distance, while increasing water spray rate boosts movements in both directions.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Smoke control in tunnel with a transverse ventilation system: An experimental study

F. Chaabat et al.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2020)

Article Thermodynamics

Use of a water mist for smoke confinement and radiation shielding in case of fire during tunnel construction

R. Mehaddi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES (2020)

Article Engineering, Civil

Experimental approach to suppress smoke diffusion in sloped road tunnels

Shoichi Kume et al.

FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL (2020)

Article Engineering, Civil

Experimental study of heat exhaust efficiency with natural ventilation in tunnel fire: Impact of shaft height and heat release rate

Lu He et al.

JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS (2020)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Flow fields induced by longitudinal ventilation and water spray system in reduced-scale tunnel fires

Jiayun Sun et al.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Engineering, Civil

Effect of lateral concentrated smoke extraction on the smoke back-layering length and critical velocity in a longitudinal ventilation tunnel

Yuantao Zhu et al.

JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS (2020)

Article Construction & Building Technology

An experimental study on the transition velocity and smoke back-layering length induced by carriage fire in a ventilated tunnel

Peng Hu et al.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Performance evaluation on fixed water-based firefighting system in suppressing large fire in urban tunnels

J. Li et al.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Engineering, Civil

Large scale tunnel fire tests with different types of large droplet fixed fire fighting systems

Haukur Ingason et al.

FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL (2019)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Experimental study of the effectiveness of a water mist segment system in blocking fire-induced smoke and heat in mid-scale tunnel tests

Qi Li et al.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Numerical study study on water curtain system for fire evacuation in a long and narrow tunnel under construction

Peizhong Yang et al.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Experimental study on fire smoke control using water mist curtain in channel

Zhigang Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2018)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Interpretation of flow fields induced by water spray systems in reduced-scale tunnel fire experiments by means of CFD simulations

Jiayun Sun et al.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2018)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Effects of ambient pressure on smoke back-layering in subway tunnel fires

Fan Wu et al.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2018)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Overview of research on fire safety in underground road and railway tunnels

Ying Zhen Li et al.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2018)

Article Engineering, Civil

The influence of vehicular obstacles on longitudinal ventilation control in tunnel fires

W. Ulises Rojas Alva et al.

FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL (2017)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Numerical studies on the smoke control by water mist screens with transverse ventilation in tunnel fires

Qiang Liang et al.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Performance of a spray system in a full-scale tunnel fire test

Hue-Pei Chang et al.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Experimental study of the effectiveness of a water system in blocking fire-induced smoke and heat in reduced-scale tunnel tests

Jiayun Sun et al.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2016)

Article Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications

CFD study of Jet Impingement Test erosion using Ansys Fluent® and OpenFOAM®

Alejandro Lopez et al.

COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS (2015)

Article Engineering, Civil

Study of critical velocity and backlayering length in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires

Ying Zhen Li et al.

FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL (2010)

Article Thermodynamics

Studies on buoyancy-driven back-layering flow in tunnel fires

L. H. Hu et al.

EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE (2008)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Numerical 3D simulation of a longitudinal ventilation system: Memorial Tunnel case

Monica Galdo Vega et al.

TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY (2008)