4.8 Article

Occurrence and Temporal Trends of Benzotriazole UV Stabilizers in Mollusks (2010-2018) from the Chinese Bohai Sea Revealed by Target, Suspect, and Nontarget Screening Analysis

Journal

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 56, Issue 23, Pages 16759-16767

Publisher

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04143

Keywords

benzotriazole UV stabilizers; UV-328; bioindicator; temporal trends; nontarget screening; transformation products

Funding

  1. National Key Research and Development Program of China
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China
  3. Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
  4. Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS projects
  5. [2020YFF01014504]
  6. [22206197]
  7. [42277378]
  8. [92143301]
  9. [XDPB2001]

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This study comprehensively explored the temporal trends of benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BZT-UVs) in mollusks collected from the Chinese Bohai Sea between 2010 and 2018 using a combination of target, suspect, and nontarget screening analysis. Significant residue levels of the target analytes were found, with a gradual decrease in total concentrations of BZT-UVs. The relative abundance of UV-327 increased during the study period.
Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BZT-UVs), including 2-(3,S-di-tert-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-328) that is currently under consideration for listing under the Stockholm Convention, are applied in many commodities and industrial products. However, limited information is available on the interannual variation of their environmental occurrence. In this study, an all-in-one strategy combining target, suspect, and nontarget screening analysis was established to comprehensively explore the temporal trends of BZT-UVs in mollusks collected from the Chinese Bohai Sea between 2010 and 2018. Significant residue levels of the target analytes were determined with a maximum total concentration of 6.4 x 10(3) ng/g dry weight. 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methyl phenye-5-chloro-benzotriazole (UV-326), S-chloro-2-(3,5-di-tert butyl-2-hydroxyphenyebenzotriazole (UV-327), and 2-(2-hydroxy 5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole (UV-P) were the predominant analogues, and UV-328 was the most frequently detected BZT-UV with a detection frequency (DF) of 87%. Whereas five biotransformation products and six impurity-like BZT-UVs were tentatively identified, their low DFs and semi-quantified concentrations suggest that the targeted analytes were the predominant BZT-UVs in the investigated area. A gradual decrease in the total concentrations of BZT-UVs was observed, accompanied by downward trends of the abundant compounds (e.g., UV-326 and UV-P). Consequently, the relative abundance of UV-327 increased because of its consistent environmental presence. These results suggest that continuous monitoring and risk assessment of BZT-UVs other than UV-328 are of importance in China.

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