Considering zooplankton as a black box in determining PAH concentrations could result in misjudging their bioaccumulation

Zooplankton play an important role in energy transfer in the marine food web and form the dietary basis for the size of important fish stocks and the maintenance of their resources. Although zooplankton include numerous taxa with significantly different ecological characteristics and the interspecific differences in optimum body size and taxonomic specificity in fish feeding on zooplankton are remarkable, they are always considered as a whole (like a black box ) in current studies about the transport of persistent organic pollutants through the food chain. This approach might result in misjudgment of their bioaccumulation. In this study, the distribution properties of each taxa of zooplankton community were discerned using data from two cruise surveys conducted in the northern South China Sea. Twelve groups of zooplankton were identified, all of which had distinct ecological and functional characteristics. The carbon-based community structure of zooplankton could explain their variability with respect to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Smaller-sized zooplankton (smaller calanoids and cyclopoids) were more likely to accumulate low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs), while larger-sized zooplankton (larger calanoids) were more likely to accumulate high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs). The bioaccumulation capacity of the zooplankton community for LMW-PAHs was negatively correlated with the proportion of omnivores and carnivores, while the opposite was true for HMW-PAHs. These results suggested that the effects of complex community structure within plankton communities should be taken into account when assessing the transfer and bioaccumulation effects of PAHs in the marine food chain.

Automated summary

Zooplankton play a crucial role in energy transfer in the marine food chain and are the main food source for important fish species. However, current studies often overlook the differences among different zooplankton taxa, leading to inaccurate assessment of their bioaccumulation ability. This study used data from two cruise surveys in the South China Sea to analyze the distribution properties of each zooplankton group. The results showed that smaller zooplankton tended to accumulate low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), while larger zooplankton were more likely to accumulate high molecular weight PAHs. The complex community structure within plankton communities should be considered when assessing the transfer and bioaccumulation effects of PAHs in the marine food chain.