Lycopene protects against atrazine-induced hepatic ionic homeostasis disturbance by modulating ion-transporting ATPases

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible chemoprotective role of lycopene (LYC) against atrazine (ATR)-induced ionic disorder and hepatotoxicity in mice. Male kunming mice were treated with LYC (5 mg/kg) and/or ATR (50 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) by lavage administration for 21 days. Ionic disorder was assessed by determining the Na+, K+ and Ca2+ content and the alteration in ATP enzymes (ATPases) including Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and the mRNA levels of ATPase's subunits in liver. ATR caused the increases of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and histological changes. LYC pretreatment significantly protected liver against ATR-caused alternation. The significant effect of ATR and LYC on the K+ and Mg2+ content in liver was not observed, but ATR increased hepatic Na+-K+-ATPase activity and decreased Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity. The mRNA expressions of Na+-K+-ATPase subunits were regulated significantly by ATR. A significant increase of Ca2+ content and seven down-regulated mRNA expressions of Ca2+-ATPase subunits and a decrease of Ca2+-ATPase activity were observed in the ATR-treated mice. Notably, LYC modulated these ATR-induced alterations of ATPase activity and mRNA expression of their subunits. These results suggest that ATR presents hepatotoxicity via regulating hepatic ATPase's activities and their subunit transcriptions and inducing ionic disorder. LYC protects liver against ATR-induced hepatotoxicity, significantly. LYC modulated hepatic ionic homeostasis disturbance via regulation of ATPase activities and their subunits' (1a1, 1b3, 1b4 and 2b4) transcriptions. In summary, these effects play a critical role of LYC-mediated chemoprevention against ATR-induced hepatotoxicity. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.