Journal
ENERGIES
Volume 15, Issue 22, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/en15228541
Keywords
solar collector; efficiency; hybrid nanofluid; hexagonal boron nitride; carbon nanotube; dispersion stability; nonionic surfactant; chemical functionalization
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This study investigates the thermal-physical and rheological properties of hexagonal boron nitride/carbon nanotubes nanoadditives in enhancing the efficiency of a flat plate solar collector with water-based working fluid. The results show that with optimal mass ratio and flow rate, the efficiency of the solar collector can be remarkably improved by up to 87%.
This work investigates the thermal-physical and rheological properties of hexagonal boron nitride/carbon nanotubes (hBN/CNTs) applied to reinforce water-based working fluid in a flat plate solar collector (FPSC). The hybrid nanoadditives of hBN and the chemically functionalized CNTs (CF-CNTs) were suspended in distilled water (DW) with a nonionic surfactant. The hybridization ratio between CF-CNTs and hBN was optimized to be 40:60. The thermal efficiency tests on the solar collector were carried out using different volumetric flow rates (2, 3, and 4 L/min) under the ASHRAE-93-2010 standard. The morphological characteristics of the hybrid nanoadditives were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different concentrations of hBN/CF-CNTs were added to the water-based working fluid to record the optimal wt.% for maximum enhancement in the FPSC's efficiency. The results revealed that using only 0.1 wt.% of hBN/CF-CNTs with a flow rate of 4 L/min remarkably improved the collector efficiency by up to 87% when compared to the conventional working fluid used in FPSC.
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