Journal
ENERGIES
Volume 15, Issue 22, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/en15228551
Keywords
hydrate inhibition; gas hydrates; thermodynamic inhibitors; oil and gas industry
Categories
Funding
- Qatar University [QUCG-CENG-21/22-4]
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Gas hydrate blockage is a major issue in the oil/gas industry, causing significant financial losses and safety risks. To tackle this issue, physical methods and chemical inhibitors are used. Physical methods involve thermal heating and depressurization, while chemical inhibitors are classified into high dosage and low dosage. This study discusses the application of these methods and inhibitors.
Gas hydrate blockage is a major issue that the production and transportation processes in the oil/gas industry faces. The formation of gas hydrates in pipelines results in significant financial losses and serious safety risks. To tackle the flow assurance issues caused by gas hydrate formation in the pipelines, some physical methods and chemical inhibitors are applied by the oil/gas industry. The physical techniques involve subjecting the gas hydrates to thermal heating and depressurization. The alternative method, on the other hand, relies on injecting chemical inhibitors into the pipelines, which affects gas hydrate formation. Chemical inhibitors are classified into high dosage hydrate inhibitors (thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THI)) and low dosage hydrate inhibitors (kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHI) and anti-agglomerates (AAs)). Each chemical inhibitor affects the gas hydrate from a different perspective. The use of physical techniques (thermal heating and depressurization) to inhibit hydrate formation is studied briefly in this review paper. Furthermore, the application of various THIs (alcohols and electrolytes), KHIs (polymeric compounds), and dual function hydrate inhibitors (amino acids, ionic liquids, and nanoparticles) are discussed thoroughly in this study. This review paper aims to provide a complete and comprehensive outlook on the fundamental principles of gas hydrates, and the recent mitigation techniques used by the oil/gas industry to tackle the gas hydrate formation issue. It hopes to provide the chemical engineering platform with ultimate and effective techniques for gas hydrate inhibition.
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