Evidence for existence of an apoptosis-inducing BH3-only protein, sayonara, in Drosophila

Cells need to sense stresses to initiate the execution of the dormant cell death program. Since the discovery of the first BH3-only protein Bad, BH3-only proteins have been recognized as indispensable stress sensors that induce apoptosis. BH3-only proteins have so far not been identified in Drosophila despite their importance in other organisms. Here, we identify the first Drosophila BH3-only protein and name it sayonara. Sayonara induces apoptosis in a BH3 motif-dependent manner and interacts genetically and biochemically with the BCL-2 homologous proteins, Buffy and Debcl. There is a positive feedback loop between Sayonara-mediated caspase activation and autophagy. The BH3 motif of sayonara phylogenetically appeared at the time of the ancestral gene duplication that led to the formation of Buffy and Debcl in the dipteran lineage. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a bona fide BH3-only protein in Drosophila, thus providing a unique example of how cell death mechanisms can evolve both through time and across taxa.

Automated summary

Cells require stress sensing to initiate dormant cell death program. BH3-only proteins, recognized as essential stress sensors inducing apoptosis, have not been identified in Drosophila till now. However, we have identified the first Drosophila BH3-only protein, named sayonara, that induces apoptosis in a BH3 motif-dependent manner and interacts with Buffy and Debcl, BCL-2 homologous proteins. There exists a positive feedback loop between Sayonara-mediated caspase activation and autophagy.