Gold nanoparticles as antiangiogenic and antimetastatic agents

Angiogenesis and metastasis are two interdependent cancer hallmarks, the latter of which is the key cause of treatment failure. Thus, establishing effective antiangiogenesis/antimetas tasis agents is the final frontier in cancer research. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) may provide disruptive advancements in this regard due to their intrinsic physical and physiological features. Here, we comprehensively discuss recent potential therapeutical strategies to treat angiogenesis and metastasis and present a critical review on the state-of-the-art in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the antiangiogenic/antimetastatic activity of GNPs. Finally, we provide perspectives on the contribution of GNPs to the advancement of cancer management.

Automated summary

Angiogenesis and metastasis are two interdependent cancer hallmarks, and developing effective antiangiogenesis/antimetastasis agents is crucial for cancer treatment. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) show promise in this area due to their unique physical and physiological properties. In this review, recent therapeutical strategies for addressing angiogenesis and metastasis are discussed, and the antiangiogenic/antimetastatic activity of GNPs is critically reviewed using in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Perspectives on the contribution of GNPs to cancer management are also provided.