Nonsurgical periodontal treatment improved the type 2 diabetes mellitus status in smokers: A randomized controlled trial

Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and periodontal disease have bilateral associations. The effect of periodontal treatment on T2D patients who smoke is scarce. This study aimed to assess the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) in periodontitis smokers with T2D for a duration of 6 months of follow-up. Materials and methods: Forty moderate to severe periodontitis smokers with T2D were randomly distributed into two different treatment groups: the test group (NSPT including oral hygiene instructions, scaling and root planing; and 0.05% Chlorhexidine mouthrinse) and the control group (treatment including oral hygiene inostructions, supragingival removal of plaque and calculus and 0.05% Chlorhexidine mouthrinse). Periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were examined. Metabolic parameters, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were evaluoated at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up. Results: The test group significantly improved all periodontal parameters and reduced metabolic parameters and hs-CRP, whereas improvements in PI and GI were observed in the control group at 1, 3 and 6 months of followup. However, the PPD, CAL, metabolic parameters and hs-CRP increased in the control group at 3 and 6 months of follow-up, but the differences were not significant. Conclusions: NSPT improves the periodontal status of smokers with T2D, has a favorable effect on glycemic control and reduces pro-inflammatory mediators, which may limit complications due to T2D in these patients.

Automated summary

This study assessed the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on smokers with T2D. The results showed that NSPT can improve periodontal status, have a positive impact on glycemic control, and reduce pro-inflammatory mediators. However, the control group had inferior outcomes.