Journal
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
Volume -, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2146044
Keywords
Omega 3; inflammation; chronic diseases; GPR120; cellular signaling; nutrigenomics
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Funding
- CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) [CNPq: 315369/2021-3]
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP [2020/13443-1, 2019/13168-3, 2019/13210-0]
- CNPq [312970/2022-6]
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This article provides a detailed mechanistic proposal for understanding the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the inflammatory environment, including their modulation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, recognition by G protein-coupled receptors, and insulin-sensitizing effects.
Omega 3 (omega 3) fatty acids have been described since the 1980s as promising anti-inflammatory substances. Prostaglandin and leukotriene modulation were exhaustively explored as the main reason for omega 3 beneficial outcomes. However, during the early 2000s, after the human genome decoding advent, the nutrigenomic approaches exhibited an impressive plethora of omega 3 targets, now under the molecular point of view. Different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) recognizing omega 3 and its derivatives appear to be responsible for blocking inflammation and insulin-sensitizing effects. A new class of omega 3-derived substances, such as maresins, resolvins, and protectins, increases omega 3 actions. Inflammasome disruption, the presence of GPR120 on immune cell surfaces, and intracellular crosstalk signaling mediated by PPAR gamma compose the last discoveries regarding the multipoint anti-inflammatory targets for this nutrient. This review shows a detailed mechanistic proposal to understand omega 3 fatty acid action over the inflammatory environment in the background of several chronic diseases.
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