Calix[n]arenes and its derivatives as organocatalysts

Small organic compounds that replicate the actions of enzymes and inorganic catalysts are known as organocatalysts. They have the benefit of being inexpensive, less toxic, and widely available. Calix[n]are-nes (n = 4, 5, 6, 8) are vase-shaped supramolecules with a hollow cavity that has been extensively used in host-guest chemistry. The ease with which different substituents can be introduced into either rim of the calixarene moiety is advantageous for non-covalent interactions, including Vander-Waals, p...p, and CAH...p. Thus, the cavities of calix[n]arenes scaffolds, their well-defined conformation, and non -covalent interaction play an important role in organocatalysis. This review covers all the developments pertaining to the use of calixarene in organocatalysis. Substrate scopes of various catalytic reactions have been highlighted. Mechanistic aspects, as and when required, have been analyzed critically. Future perspectives in this area have also been presented.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Organocatalysts, small organic compounds that replicate the actions of enzymes and inorganic catalysts, have the advantages of being inexpensive, less toxic, and widely available. Calix[n]arenes, vase-shaped supramolecules with a hollow cavity, have been extensively used in host-guest chemistry. The cavities of calix[n]arene scaffolds, their well-defined conformation, and non-covalent interactions play an important role in organocatalysis. This review covers the developments and future perspectives in the use of calixarene in organocatalysis, highlighting substrate scopes and analyzing mechanistic aspects when required.