Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effects on All-Cause Mortality After Radiopeptide Therapy for Neuroendocrine Tumors

We aimed to assess the risk of developing diabetes mellitus and its effects on all-cause mortality after radiopeptide therapy for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Methods: NET patients received somatostatin radiopeptide therapy with Y-90-DOTATOC or Lu-177-DOTATOC. The incidence of diabetes mellitus and its mortality were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression. Results: Overall, 1,535 NET patients were enrolled and received 3,807 treatment cycles. After treatment, 72 patients developed diabetes mellitus, including 47 cases after Y-90-DOTATOC and 25 cases after combined treatment. The diabetes mellitus risk was higher before than after DOTATOC (estimate, 0.0032; P < 0.001), and overall survival was similar in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.39; n = 1,535; P = 0.27). Conclusion: Radiopeptide therapy does not appear to increase the risk of developing diabetes mellitus in NET patients, whereas diabetes mellitus does not appear to increase the mortality of NET patients undergoing receptor-targeted radiopeptide therapy.