Natural and low-caloric rebaudioside A as a substitute for dietary sugars: A comprehensive review

For health and safety concerns, traditional high-calorie sweeteners and artificial sweeteners are gradually replaced in food industries by natural and low-calorie sweeteners. As a natural and high-quality sugar substitute, steviol glycosides (SvGls) are continually scrutinized regarding their safety and application. Recently, the cultivation of organic stevia has been increasing in many parts of Europe and Asia, and it is obvious that there is a vast market for sugar substitutes in the future. Rebaudioside A, the main component of SvGls, is gradually accepted by consumers due to its safe, zero calories, clear, and sweet taste with no significant undesirable characteristics. Hence, it can be used in various foods or dietary supplements as a sweetener. In addition, rebaudioside A has been demonstrated to have many physiological functions, such as antihypertension, anti-diabetes, and anticaries. But so far, there are few comprehensive reviews of rebaudioside A. In this review article, we discuss the physicochemical properties, metabolic process, safety, regulatory, health benefits, and biosynthetic pathway of rebaudioside A and summarize the modification methods and state-of-the-art production and purification techniques of rebaudioside A. Furthermore, the current problems hindering the future production and application of rebaudioside A are analyzed, and suggestions are provided.

Automated summary

For health and safety reasons, natural and low-calorie sweeteners are replacing traditional high-calorie and artificial sweeteners in the food industry. Steviol glycosides, particularly rebaudioside A, are gaining popularity as a natural and high-quality sugar substitute due to their safe, zero-calorie, and sweet taste without undesirable characteristics. They have various physiological functions and potential health benefits such as antihypertensive, anti-diabetic, and anticaries effects. This review article provides comprehensive information on the physicochemical properties, metabolic process, safety, regulatory aspects, health benefits, biosynthetic pathway, production methods, and purification techniques of rebaudioside A. It also highlights the current challenges hindering its production and application.