Journal
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
Volume 654, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130055
Keywords
Torularhodin; Bilosomes; Controlled delivery system; Release kinetics; Carotenoids
Categories
Funding
- Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province [KYCX22_2386]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2020YFC1606800]
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This study developed different small intestinal controlled delivery systems for torularhodin and evaluated their sustained-release properties. The bilosomes system showed promising results in enhancing the stability and bioavailability of torularhodin in the small intestine.
Torularhodin is a carotenoid with various biological activities, but its poor chemical stability and low bioavailability are obstacles to its usage. In this study, different small intestinal controlled delivery systems of torularhodin; including liquid-lip, liposomes, niosomes, and bilosomes; were prepared and characterized. Then, in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion model and in vivo mouse model were used to evaluate their sustained-release properties. Finally, mathematical models such as release kinetics revealed the release mech-anisms of different systems. The results of particle size distribution and release rate of torularhodin indicated that both the liquid-lip and liposomes systems were almost completely digested after 2 h of simulated small intestinal digestion. However, the bilosomes system remained intact after simulated gastric digestion and were slowly cleaved during simulated small intestinal digestion with a sustained release effect of torularhodin. The fitting results of six kinetic models demonstrated that the kinetic mechanism of torularhodin release from bilosomes was a non-fickian mechanism. The main mechanism may be that bilosomes enhance the permeability of enterocyte biofilms by opening tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells, thereby prolonging the release of tor-ularhodin in the small intestine. Pharmacokinetic results in mice showed that the area under the concentration time curve in the bilosomes system was 2.73 times that of the liquid-lip system, and the t 1/2 was as long as 22.5 h, demonstrating that bilosomes system was an efficient delivery system for enhancing both the stability and bioavailability of torularhodin in the small intestine. These findings can be used to help future potential ap-plications of bilosomes delivery systems for improving the bioavailability of carotenoids in food.
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