WADA test for postoperative memory prediction in left TLE. Is it still useful in the 21st century?

Background: Epilepsy surgery offers an effective treatment to achieve seizure freedom in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Since left temporal lobe surgery can be associated with verbal memory deterioration, control of cognitive decline is a main goal of therapy. This study analyzes the prognostic value of intracarotid amobarbital procedure (Wada test) in addition to specific neuropsychological and clinical variables for postoperative memory changes.Method: Between 2013 and 2021 thirty-six patients (18 females, 18 males, mean age 41.0 years) from the Epi-lepsy Center Erlangen (ECE) with left hemispheric temporal lobe epilepsy underwent neuropsychological assessment preoperatively - including the Wada test - and six months postoperatively. In addition, a group of 92 patients (40 females, 52 males, mean age 36.1 years) with left or right hemispheric focus who underwent Wada test and surgery before 2013 was included as a standardization group. In all patients Wada test was carried out preoperatively to determine language dominance and memory capacity.Results: Postoperative verbal memory scores showed no significant difference from preoperative performance. Preoperative verbal memory performance as well as the hippocampal resection extent is particularly important in predicting postoperative verbal memory change. After left temporal lobe surgery, a significantly higher post-operative functional level was shown for figural memory. Specifically, a good contralateral hemispheric per-formance level assessed by the Wada test proved to be a compensatory factor for postoperative losses.Conclusion: The Wada test is no longer necessary as a diagnostic tool for a broad group of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. However, it can be useful for a subgroup of patients with clinical indicators such as nonspecific or incongruent preoperative verbal and figural memory impairments. In this study, Wada test data about the functional level of the contralateral hemisphere specifically allowed estimation of postoperative figural memory changes.

Automated summary

This study analyzes the prognostic value of intracarotid amobarbital procedure (Wada test) in addition to specific neuropsychological and clinical variables for postoperative memory changes. The results show that the Wada test is still a useful diagnostic tool for a subgroup of patients with clinical indicators.