Integration of Bismuth sulfide/functionalized halloysite nanotube composite: An electrochemical tool for diethofencarb analysis

Diethofencarb (DFC) is a fungicide used in agricultural fields and it's overe use makes a negative impact in the real-time environment. Here in this work, a semi-conductive urchin like Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) anchored with tubular structure functionalized halloysite nanotube (F-HNT) was hydrothermally synthesized and used for the electrochemical detection of DFC. Various analytical and microscopic techniques were used to analyze the structure, crystalline nature, and purity of the as-prepared F-HNT@Bi2S3. Moreover, the cyclic voltammetry technique was used to analyze the electrochemical studies of the F-HNT@Bi2S3 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A high synergetic relationship between the Bi2S3 and F-HNT provides a large surface area and better detection of DFC. The amperometry i-t technique result shows that the prepared composite exhibits a wide linear range of 0.0053-526.62 mu g L-1, a low detection limit of 0.0032 mu g L-1, and very good stability over 2000 s. Notably, our proposed sensor can determine the DFC spiked tomato and water samples with a high recovery range and proven the viability for real-time analysis. Finally, all the above-mentioned study results prove that the F-HNT@Bi2S3 could be used as an electrochemical probe for the detection of DFC.

Automated summary

In this study, a semi-conductive urchin like Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) anchored with tubular structure functionalized halloysite nanotube (F-HNT) was successfully synthesized and used for the electrochemical detection of Diethofencarb (DFC). The structure, crystalline nature, and purity of the prepared F-HNT@Bi2S3 were analyzed using various analytical and microscopic techniques. The F-HNT@Bi2S3 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) showed excellent electrochemical performance for detecting DFC within a wide linear range. The proposed sensor demonstrated high recovery rates for DFC spiked tomato and water samples, indicating its viability for real-time analysis.