Melatonin alleviates arsenite toxicity by decreasing the arsenic accumulation in cell protoplasts and increasing the antioxidant capacity in rice

Arsenic (As) is a common environmental pollutant that seriously interferes with the normal growth of organisms. There is an urgent need to take environment-safe and efficient strategies to mitigate As toxicity. Melatonin (MT) is a pleiotropic molecule that regulates plant growth and organ development and alleviates heavy metal stresses. The experiment aims to explore the mechanism of MT in reducing arsenite toxicity by hydroponic rice seedlings. The results showed that MT application reduced the As content in rice roots and shoots by 26.4% and 37.5%, respectively, and mainly decreased As content in the soluble fractions of the rice root cell. MT application also increased the As content of chelated-soluble pectin and alkali-soluble pectin in the cell wall by 14.7% and 74.4%, respectively. It promoted the generation of the functional group of the root cell walls by the FTIR analysis, indicating that MT may promote the fixation of As on the cell wall. Meanwhile, MT contributed to scavenging excess H2O2, reducing MDA content, and maintaining normal morphology of root cells by stimulating SOD, POD and CAT activities and increasing the level of GSH. The research deepens our understanding of how MT par-ticipates in maintaining redox homeostasis in rice cells, reducing As toxicity, and decreasing As concentration in rice seedlings, thereby providing more possibilities for reducing As accumulation in rice.

Automated summary

The research found that melatonin can reduce the arsenic content in rice seedlings and promote the generation of functional groups, thereby reducing the deposition of arsenic on the cell wall. Melatonin also helps to scavenge excess H2O2, reduce MDA content, and maintain the normal morphology of root cells by stimulating antioxidant enzyme activities and increasing GSH level, contributing to the redox homeostasis in rice cells.