Exciplex-Forming Cohost Systems with 2,3-Dicyanopyrazinophenanthrene-based Acceptors to Achieve Efficient Near Infrared OLEDs

Two new 2,3-dicyanopyrazinophenanthrene-based acceptors (A) p-QCN and m-QCN were synthesized to blend with a donor (D) CPTBF for the exciplex formation. The energy levels of p-QCN and m-QCN are modulated by the peripheral substituents 4- and 3-benzonitrile, respectively. Exciplex-forming blends were identified by the observation of the red-shifted emissions from various D : A blends with higher ratios of donor for suppressing the aggregation of acceptor. The two-component relaxation processes observed by time-resolved photoluminescence support the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) character of the exciplex-forming blends. The device employing CPTBF : p-QCN and (2 : 1) and CPTBF : m-QCN (2 : 1) blend as the emitting layer (EML) gave EQE(max) of 1.76 % and 5.12 %, and electroluminescence (EL) lambda(max) of 629 nm and 618 nm, respectively. The device efficiency can be further improved to 4.32 % and 5.57 % with CPTBF : p-QCN and (4 : 1) and CPTBF : m-QCN (4 : 1) as the EML, which is consistent with their improved photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). A new fluorescent emitter BPBBT with photoluminescence (PL) lambda(max) of 726 nm and a high PLQY of 67 % was synthesized and utilized as the dopant of CPTBF : m-QCN (4 : 1) cohost system. The device employing CPTBF : m-QCN (4 : 1): 5 wt.% BPBBT as the EML gave an EQE(max) of 5.02 % and EL lambda(max) centered at 735 nm, however, the weak residual exciplex emission remains. By reducing the donor ratio, the exciplex emission can be completely transferred to BPBBT and the corresponding device with CPTBF : m-QCN (2 : 1): 5 wt.% BPBBT as the EML can achieve EL lambda(max) of 743 nm and EQE(max) of 4.79 %. This work manifests the high efficiency near infrared (NIR) OLED can be realized by triplet excitons harvesting of exciplex-forming cohost system, followed by the effective energy transfer to an NIR fluorescent dopant.

Automated summary

Two new acceptors, p-QCN and m-QCN, were synthesized and blended with the donor CPTBF to form exciplex-forming blends. The energy levels of p-QCN and m-QCN were modulated by substituents 4- and 3-benzonitrile, respectively. The exciplex-forming blends showed red-shifted emissions and were characterized by time-resolved photoluminescence. The device efficiency was improved by using different blend ratios and a new fluorescent emitter, BPBBT, was introduced to further enhance the performance.