Bicontinuous Nanoporous Metals with Self-Organized Functionalities?

The functional applications of bicontinuous nanoporous metals have been rapidly growing along with the fabrication methods of the materials. Besides the most common routes of electrochemical dealloying, liquid-metal dealloying, vapor-phase dealloying, and reduction-induced decomposition, all via similar mechanisms of interface-controlled selforganization have created a broad range of nanoporous structures made of noble metals (e.g., turn enable new applications in catalysis, sensing, actuation, and electrochemical energy storage. Underlying the burgeoning development is the close connection between the functionalities and the structural evolution mechanism. In this perspective, I will dissect the structural complexity of bicontinuous nanoporous metal into three key features: the bicontinuity, the small length scale, and the compositional heterogeneity. I will discuss their roots in the self-organization process and their ties to properties such as mechanical strength, conductivity, and catalytic activity. The analysis will be centered around two aspects of the dealloying theory, namely, percolation and surface diffusion, showing how they can be applied to quantitatively understand the self-organized functionalities. In the end, I will also highlight emerging opportunities for structural designs to further advance the functional applications of the materials.

Automated summary

This article discusses the functional applications and fabrication methods of bicontinuous nanoporous metals. The structural complexity of these metals is analyzed, focusing on the features of bicontinuity, small length scale, and compositional heterogeneity, as well as their connections to mechanical strength, conductivity, and catalytic activity. The article also highlights emerging opportunities for further advancing the functional applications of these materials.