Smartphone bioelectronic drug with visual colorimetric sensor and bulk nanoencapsulation optogenetic bacteria for chronic kidney disease theragnostics

Point-of-care testing (POCT) has been widely employed for chronic disease diagnosis due to its portable testing modalities and fast medical decisions. However, conventional POCT techniques lack the means of rapid and precise treatment, deviating from the requirement of an integrated theragnostics system for home diagnosis and personalized therapy. Here, we present a smartphone-controlled, system-level bioelectronic drug with pro-grammable point-of-care theragnostics (POCTH) for chronic kidney disease monitoring. The system features a urine-based colorimetric sensor for pathological quantification and engineered bacteria that can generate tar-geted immune regulators (IL-10) for disease modulation, allowing real-time, at-home chronic disease diagnosis and treatment. Customized smartphone applications have been developed for image capture, colorimetric analysis, and wireless transmission. Besides, a flexible optoelectronic device has also been fabricated for conformal integration with rats and wireless modulation of optogenetic bacteria. The system leads to sophisti-cated applications in physiological monitoring and personalized diagnosis of chronic diseases.

Automated summary

This article presents a smartphone-controlled bioelectronic drug system for chronic kidney disease monitoring, which allows real-time diagnosis and treatment. The system utilizes a urine-based colorimetric sensor and engineered bacteria to quantify pathology and modulate diseases, with the help of smartphone applications for image capture and wireless transmission.