4.7 Review

Smart genetically-encoded biosensors for the chemical monitoring of living systems

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Design principles of protein switches

Robert G. Alberstein et al.

Summary: Protein switches play essential roles in biological processes and are challenging to design computationally due to their complex requirements. Inspired by natural protein switches, various methods have been developed to overcome this challenge and explore new ways to design purpose-built switches and signaling systems for cellular engineering.

CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY (2022)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Genetically encoded photo-switchable molecular sensors for optoacoustic and super-resolution imaging

Kanuj Mishra et al.

Summary: Reversibly photo-switchable proteins have been utilized for super-resolution and optoacoustic imaging methods, and in this study, a prototype of a photo-switchable Ca2+ sensor was constructed based on GCaMP5G. The molecular mechanisms of the sensor were described at the structural level, demonstrating the ability to image calcium and other analytes at super-resolution and in vivo.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Caveat fluorophore: an insiders' guide to small-molecule fluorescent labels

Jonathan B. Grimm et al.

Summary: This Perspective provides an overview of the benefits and peculiarities of commonly used organic dyes in biological imaging from a chemist's perspective, also offering frank advice on navigating the challenges that come with using these dyes for biologists adopting new technologies.

NATURE METHODS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Absolute measurement of cellular activities using photochromic single-fluorophore biosensors and intermittent quantification

Franziska Bierbuesse et al.

Summary: The authors present a method, called photochromism-enabled absolute quantification (PEAQ) biosensing, that utilizes the photochromic properties of biosensors to provide an absolute measure of analyte concentration or activity. By developing photochromic variants of the popular GCaMP family of Ca2+ biosensors, they are able to resolve dynamic changes in the absolute Ca2+ concentration in live cells. They also demonstrate how this method can be applied to other biosensors with photochromic properties, expanding the possibilities for fully quantitative measurements in complex and dynamic systems.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Spectrally Tunable Fo?rster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Biosensors Using Organic Dye Grafting

Marco Dalla Vecchia et al.

Summary: Genetically encoded FRET biosensors, using chemigenetic domains combined with organic fluorophores, expand the spectral variety and versatility. However, careful validation is required before application.

ACS SENSORS (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Orthogonal fluorescent chemogenetic reporters for multicolor imaging

Alison G. Tebo et al.

Summary: Spectrally separated fluorophores enable the observation of multiple targets in living cells simultaneously for a deeper understanding of cell functions. Engineered fluorogen-activating tags based on the FAST system offer orthogonality in recognition and spectral properties, allowing efficient multicolor imaging of proteins in live cells.

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

A near-infrared genetically encoded calcium indicator for in vivo imaging

Anton A. Shemetov et al.

Summary: The newly designed near-infrared genetically encoded calcium indicator performs well in neuroscience, allowing simultaneous detection of neuronal and hemodynamic activities with high brightness, photostability, and increased fluorescence response rate. It enables deep-tissue imaging, is suitable for dissociated neurons and in vivo mouse experiments, and allows for detection of spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity in the mouse visual cortex with up to 25% fluorescence changes.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Deciphering cell signaling networks with massively multiplexed biosensor barcoding

Jr-Ming Yang et al.

Summary: Researchers have developed a set of barcoding proteins capable of generating over 100 barcodes, overcoming the limited multiplexing capacity of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors in live cells. Simultaneous tracking of multiple biosensors reveals highly coordinated activities and complex interactions within the signaling network.
Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Drug Screening with Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensors: Today and Tomorrow

Ekaterina S. Potekhina et al.

Summary: Genetically-encoded fluorescent sensors have been actively developed and are beneficial for real-time monitoring and high reproducibility in drug screening. Their advantages extend to whole organism drug screening models and the potential combination with CRISPR techniques for human disease modeling.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

De novo design of modular and tunable protein biosensors

Alfredo Quijano-Rubio et al.

Summary: Protein switches have been repurposed for biosensor development by inverting the flow of information, creating modular molecular devices with a closed dark state and an open luminescent state. These sensors, based on thermodynamic coupling, require only one target binding domain for direct readout in solution, allowing for the detection of various molecules clinically, including the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with high sensitivity and a 50-fold higher luminescence signal than background level. The modularity and sensitivity of this platform enable rapid sensor construction for a wide range of analytes, demonstrating the power of de novo protein design in creating multi-state protein systems with new functions.

NATURE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structure- and mechanism-guided design of single fluorescent protein-based biosensors

Yusuke Nasu et al.

Summary: Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescence modulation of a single protein have been powerful imaging tools for monitoring neural activities. The GCaMP series of Ca2+ biosensors has been steadily improving for the past two decades and has become essential for neuroscience. Other biosensors have not reached the same performance levels or revolutionary impacts in specific disciplines as the Ca2+ biosensors. By understanding the structures and mechanisms of biosensors, guidelines have been provided to accelerate the development of a broader range of high-performance imaging tools.

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A turquoise fluorescence lifetime-based biosensor for quantitative imaging of intracellular calcium

Franka H. van der Linden et al.

Summary: The study introduces a new genetically encoded calcium indicator, Tq-Ca-FLITS, which enables reliable measurement of intracellular calcium concentrations through fluorescence lifetime imaging, addressing the quantification issues associated with existing GECIs.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Engineering of a fluorescent chemogenetic reporter with tunable color for advanced live-cell imaging

Hela Benaissa et al.

Summary: Fluorescent reporters covering the visible spectrum are essential for imaging living cells and organisms. The authors have developed a collection of fluorogenic chromophores spanning from blue to red using a single engineered protein tag. This tool allows for tuning fluorescence color and properties, providing versatility for imaging proteins in live cells and optimizing FRET biosensors.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CUTie2: The Attack of the Cyclic Nucleotide Sensor Clones

Florencia Klein et al.

Summary: The detection of small molecules in living cells using genetically encoded FRET sensors has advanced our understanding of signaling pathways, but creating new sensors remains challenging. By combining sequence/structure analysis and molecular dynamics simulations, a new-generation FRET sensor for cGMP was successfully developed, allowing for quasi-quantitative prediction of FRET efficiency and biochemical characterization. This computational approach is cost-effective and can be applied to design FRET sensors for other allosteric protein modules.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The HaloTag as a general scaffold for far-red tunable chemigenetic indicators

Claire Deo et al.

Summary: Functional imaging in biology has been revolutionized by the use of fluorescent indicators, but there is a need for additional sensor scaffolds with properties such as bright, far-red emission. This study introduces a new platform for 'chemigenetic' fluorescent indicators using self-labeling HaloTag protein conjugated to synthetic fluorophores, enabling the creation of highly tunable calcium and voltage sensors with bright, far-red emission.

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Simultaneous readout of multiple FRET pairs using photochromism

Thijs Roebroek et al.

Summary: The authors present a method to discriminate between overlapping FRET pairs based on the photochromism of donor fluorophores, even if the fluorophores display almost identical absorption and emission spectra, providing a new approach for simultaneously measuring multiple associations.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Quantification of FRET-induced angular displacement by monitoring sensitized acceptor anisotropy using a dim fluorescent donor

Danai Laskaratou et al.

Summary: FADED is a novel method for measuring FRET based on anisotropy rather than proximity, allowing for quantification of the relative angle between donor and acceptor. By suppressing donor bleed-through, purer sensitized acceptor anisotropy measurements can be obtained, making it suitable for live cell imaging.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

DrFLINC Contextualizes Super-resolution Activity Imaging

Wei Lin et al.

Summary: Super-resolution activity imaging currently does not consider the locations of collaborating regulators/effectors in living cells. The DrFLINC technique, based on the FLINC principle, utilizes nonfluorescent Dronpa to enhance fluorescence fluctuations, leading to the development of a superior red label and a next-generation activity sensor for context-rich super-resolution biosensing.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold

John Jumper et al.

Summary: Proteins are essential for life, and accurate prediction of their structures is a crucial research problem. Current experimental methods are time-consuming, highlighting the need for accurate computational approaches to address the gap in structural coverage. Despite recent progress, existing methods fall short of atomic accuracy in protein structure prediction.

NATURE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Structural Analysis of a Genetically Encoded FRET Biosensor by SAXS and MD Simulations

Ines Reinartz et al.

Summary: This study investigated the construction and performance of a glucose sensor equipped with fluorescent proteins by attaching different linker sequences to a glucose binding protein. The research found that the careful design of attachment of the donor fluorescent protein is crucial for the proper transfer of the glucose induced conformational change in the sensor.

SENSORS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Integration of FRET and sequencing to engineer kinase biosensors from mammalian cell libraries

Longwei Liu et al.

Summary: The authors developed a high-throughput FRET sorting and next-generation sequencing approach, FRET-seq, to identify sensitive biosensors for Fyn and ZAP70 kinases. These biosensors enabled dynamic imaging of T-cell activation and drug screening, leading to the identification of a FDA-approved cancer drug that can be repurposed for inhibiting ZAP70 activity and autoimmune-disease-related T-cell activation.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

FluoSTEPs: Fluorescent biosensors for monitoring compartmentalized signaling within endogenous microdomains

Brian Tenner et al.

Summary: FluoSTEPs is a novel class of biosensors that combines self-complementing split green fluorescent protein, CRISPR-mediated knock-in, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology to probe compartmentalized signaling dynamics in situ. It can simultaneously highlight endogenous microdomains and report domain-specific, real-time signaling events, including kinase activities, guanosine triphosphatase activation, and second messenger dynamics. FluoSTEPs have been shown to be useful in probing spatiotemporal regulation within endogenous signaling architectures, as demonstrated by a FluoSTEP for 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) revealing distinct cAMP dynamics within clathrin microdomains in response to stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Fluorescent Biosensors for Multiplexed Imaging of Phosphoinositide Dynamics

Fabian Hertel et al.

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Development of imaging scaffolds for cryo-electron microscopy

Todd O. Yeates et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemical Research Methods

RNA-based fluorescent biosensors for live cell imaging of small molecules and RNAs

Yichi Su et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Sensing cellular biochemistry with fluorescent chemical-genetic hybrids

Arnaud Gautier et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Optical Mapping of cAMP Signaling at the Nanometer Scale

Andreas Bock et al.

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Multiplexed Optical Sensors in Arrayed Islands of Cells for multimodal recordings of cellular physiology

Christopher A. Werley et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging, where's the biliverdin?

Felipe Montecinos-Franjola et al.

BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rotavirus induces intercellular calcium waves through ADP signaling

Alexandra L. Chang-Graham et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Improved genetically encoded near-infrared fluorescent calcium ion indicators for in vivo imaging

Yong Qian et al.

PLOS BIOLOGY (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Smart scanning for low-illumination and fast RESOLFT nanoscopy in vivo

Jes Dreier et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A genetically encoded single-wavelength sensor for imaging cytosolic and cell surface ATP

Mark A. Lobas et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Mechanistic investigation of mEos4b reveals a strategy to reduce track interruptions in sptPALM

Elke De Zitter et al.

NATURE METHODS (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Bright and photostable chemigenetic indicators for extended in vivo voltage imaging

Ahmed S. Abdelfattah et al.

SCIENCE (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A split fluorescent reporter with rapid and reversible complementation

Alison G. Tebo et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural and evolutionary approaches to the design and optimization of fluorescence-based small molecule biosensors

Joe A. Kaczmarski et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dynamic tuning of FRET in a green fluorescent protein biosensor

Pablo Trigo-Mourino et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ultrafast Two-Photon Imaging of a High-Gain Voltage Indicator in Awake Behaving Mice

Vincent Villette et al.

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Next-Generation Fluorogen-Based Reporters and Biosensors for Advanced Bioimaging

Tiphaine Peresse et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

A genetically encoded near-infrared fluorescent calcium ion indicator

Yong Qian et al.

NATURE METHODS (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ultrafast neuronal imaging of dopamine dynamics with designed genetically encoded sensors

Tommaso Patriarchi et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Quantitative optical nanophysiology of Ca2+ signaling at inner hair cell active zones

Jakob Neef et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

De novo design of a fluorescence-activating β-barrel

Jiayi Dou et al.

NATURE (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Monitoring hippocampal glycine with the computationally designed optical sensor GlyFS

William H. Zhang et al.

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2018)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors Illuminate the Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling Networks

Eric C. Greenwald et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Improved methods for marking active neuron populations

Benjamien Moeyaert et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Genetically encoded biosensors for visualizing live-cell biochemical activity at super-resolution

Gary C. H. Mo et al.

NATURE METHODS (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Novel genetically encoded fluorescent probes enable real-time detection of potassium in vitro and in vivo

Helmut Bischof et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SRpHi ratiometric pH biosensors for superresolution microscopy

Douglas S. Richardson et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Flexible imidazolium macrocycles: building blocks for anion-induced self-assembly

Yu-Dong Yang et al.

CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Article Cell Biology

Neuronal Stimulation Triggers Neuronal Glycolysis and Not Lactate Uptake

Carlos Manlio Diaz-Garcia et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2017)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The GCaMP-R Family of Genetically Encoded Ratiometric Calcium Indicators

Jung-Hwa Cho et al.

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Small fluorescence-activating and absorption-shifting tag for tunable protein imaging in vivo

Marie-Aude Plamont et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2016)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Subcellular Imaging of Voltage and Calcium Signals Reveals Neural Processing In Vivo

Helen H. Yang et al.

Article Biochemical Research Methods

A far-red fluorescent protein evolved from a cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein

Erik A. Rodriguez et al.

NATURE METHODS (2016)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structure-guided design of a reversible fluorogenic reporter of protein-protein interactions

Tsz-Leung To et al.

PROTEIN SCIENCE (2016)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Biosensor reveals multiple sources for mitochondrial NAD+

Xiaolu A. Cambronne et al.

SCIENCE (2016)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rapid construction of metabolite biosensors using domain-insertion profiling

Dana C. Nadler et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2016)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

High-Content Imaging Platform for Profiling Intracellular Signaling Network Activity in Living Cells

Dmitry Kuchenov et al.

CELL CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2016)

Review Cell Biology

Diffraction-unlimited imaging: from pretty pictures to hard numbers

Wim Vandenberg et al.

CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Live-Cell STED Microscopy with Genetically Encoded Biosensor

Natalia M. Mishina et al.

NANO LETTERS (2015)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Ratiometric biosensors based on dimerization-dependent fluorescent protein exchange

Yidan Ding et al.

NATURE METHODS (2015)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

A naturally monomeric infrared fluorescent protein for protein labeling in vivo

Dan Yu et al.

NATURE METHODS (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Labeling of active neural circuits in vivo with designed calcium integrators

Benjamin F. Fosque et al.

SCIENCE (2015)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Synthetic protein switches: design principles and applications

Viktor Stein et al.

TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Optimizing fluorescent protein trios for 3-Way FRET imaging of protein interactions in living cells

Brandon L. Scott et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Large Scale Bacterial Colony Screening of Diversified FRET Biosensors

Julia Litzlbauer et al.

PLOS ONE (2015)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Optimization of a genetically encoded biosensor for cyclin B1-cyclin dependent kinase 1

Ahmed Saied F. Belal et al.

MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS (2014)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Optimized ratiometric calcium sensors for functional in vivo imaging of neurons and T lymphocytes

Thomas Thestrup et al.

NATURE METHODS (2014)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A Bilirubin-Inducible Fluorescent Protein from Eel Muscle

Akiko Kumagai et al.

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Fluorescent Proteins: Shine on, You Crazy Diamond

Peter Dedecker et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2013)

Article Biophysics

Conformational Analysis of a Genetically Encoded FRET Biosensor by SAXS

Haydyn D. T. Mertens et al.

BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL (2012)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Monitoring Biosensor Activity in Living Cells with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy

Julia M. Hum et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2012)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Widely accessible method for superresolution fluorescence imaging of living systems

Peter Dedecker et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2012)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

A bacteria colony-based screen for optimal linker combinations in genetically encoded biosensors

Andreas Ibraheem et al.

BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY (2011)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Genetically Encodable Fluorescent Biosensors for Tracking Signaling Dynamics in Living Cells

Robert H. Newman et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2011)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Luminescent Kinase Activity Biosensors Based on a Versatile Bimolecular Switch

Katie J. Herbst et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2011)

Article Cell Biology

Development of an optimized backbone of FRET biosensors for kinases and GTPases

Naoki Komatsu et al.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL (2011)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Signaling diversity of PKA achieved via a Ca2+-cAMP-PKA oscillatory circuit

Qiang Ni et al.

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2011)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An Expanded Palette of Genetically Encoded Ca2+ Indicators

Yongxin Zhao et al.

SCIENCE (2011)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Red Fluorescent Protein with Reversibly Photoswitchable Absorbance for Photochromic FRET

Fedor V. Subach et al.

CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Spectroscopic Rationale for Efficient Stimulated-Emission Depletion Microscopy Fluorophores

Jun-ichi Hotta et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2010)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Excited state reactions in fluorescent proteins

Stephen R. Meech

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2009)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

HatoTag: A novel protein labeling technology for cell imaging and protein analysis

Georgyi V. Los et al.

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2008)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dynamic phospholipid signaling by G protein-coupled receptors

Paschal A. Oude Weernink et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES (2007)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Targeting and tracing antigens in live cells with fluorescent nanobodies

Ulrich Rothbauer et al.

NATURE METHODS (2006)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Genetically encoded fluorescent indicator for intracellular hydrogen peroxide

VV Belousov et al.

NATURE METHODS (2006)

Review Cell Biology

Visualization of molecular interactions by fluorescence complementation

Tom K. Kerppola

NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2006)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Evolutionary optimization of fluorescent proteins for intracellular FRET

AW Nguyen et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2005)

Review Neurosciences

Local calcium signaling in neurons

GJ Augustine et al.

NEURON (2003)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

A general method for the covalent labeling of fusion proteins with small molecules in vivo

A Keppler et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2003)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Diheteroarylethenes as thermally stable photoswitchable acceptors in photochromic fluorescence resonance energy transfer (pcFRET)

L Giordano et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2002)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Genetically encoded reporters of protein kinase A activity reveal impact of substrate tethering

J Zhang et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2001)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Circularly permuted green fluorescent proteins engineered to sense Ca2+

T Nagai et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2001)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

A high signal-to-noise Ca2+ probe composed of a single green fluorescent protein

J Nakai et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2001)