Effect of metformin on outcomes of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective cohort study

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on heart failure and mortality in patients with cancer

Cho-Han Chiang et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that SGLT2 inhibitors can reduce the incidence of heart failure and prolong overall survival in patients with diabetes mellitus and cancer.

HEART (2023)

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Article Oncology

Efficacy of cationic amphiphilic antihistamines on outcomes of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Cho-Han Chiang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cationic amphiphilic antihistamines on patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. The results showed that patients who received cationic amphiphilic antihistamines had significantly improved overall survival and progression-free survival. These survival benefits were observed regardless of the generation of cationic amphiphilic antihistamines.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2022)

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Article Oncology

The incidence and risk of cardiovascular events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in Asian populations

Cho-Han Chiang et al.

Summary: Among Asians, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, particularly ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism. The risk of major adverse cardiovascular events is 60% higher in immune checkpoint inhibitor users, with an incidence rate ratio of 2.1 compared to non-users. Additionally, immune checkpoint inhibitors are independently associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism.

JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Oncology

Effect of concomitant medications with immune-modulatory properties on the outcomes of patients with advanced cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: development and validation of a novel prognostic index

Sebastiano Buti et al.

Summary: Corticosteroids, antibiotics, and proton-pump inhibitors were found to have a significant impact on the outcomes of patients treated with ICIs. A drug-based prognostic score was proposed based on these medications, which proved to be valuable in stratifying patients and could be useful in routine practice and clinical trials involving ICIs.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Statin Exposure and Risk of Heart Failure After Anthracycline- or Trastuzumab-Based Chemotherapy for Early Breast Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study

Husam Abdel-Qadir et al.

Summary: The study found that women exposed to statins had a lower risk of heart failure hospital presentations after chemotherapy for early breast cancer involving anthracyclines, with non-significant trends towards lower risk following trastuzumab. These findings support the development of randomized controlled trials of statins for prevention of cardiotoxicity.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Review Immunology

Pleiotropic Effects of Metformin on the Antitumor Efficiency of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Wenhui Liu et al.

Summary: Cancer poses a significant threat to public health, with ICIs ushering in a new era in clinical oncology and the potential for enhanced anticancer effects when combined with metformin. Studies have shown that metformin not only has beneficial effects on cancer prevention and treatment, but may also enhance the efficacy of ICIs through its impact on the host immune system.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Real-world survival outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors in large-cell neuroendocrine tumors of lung

Elizabeth Dudnik et al.

Summary: This study of 125 patients suggests a positive impact of ICI on overall survival in aLCNEC, despite the limitations of retrospective design and small sample size.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

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Article Oncology

Metformin reduces PD-L1 on tumor cells and enhances the anti-tumor immune response generated by vaccine immunotherapy

Luis Enrique Munoz et al.

Summary: Our study found that the combination of metformin and vaccine immunotherapy reduced surface PD-L1 expression in responsive tumors. In vitro experiments showed that metformin's effect on tumor cell PD-L1 expression is mediated in part by AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. While vaccination increased T cell infiltration in all tumor models, this effect was not potentiated by metformin. However, metformin did lead to an increase in CD8 T cells expressing certain markers and effector cytokine production after treatment with tumor membrane vesicle vaccine.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

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Article Oncology

Metformin generates profound alterations in systemic and tumor immunity with associated antitumor effects

Ratna Veeramachaneni et al.

Summary: Metformin has complex systemic and local immune effects that vary depending on treatment duration. Acute metformin exposure does not show significant antitumor activity, but long-term treatment can reduce tumor growth velocity, increase the CD8+/T-reg ratio, and enhance tumor infiltrating lymphocyte levels. Combinatorial strategies with immune checkpoint inhibitors need to consider these effects in order to maximize antitumor activity in future clinical trials.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism