Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 36, Issue 45, Pages 11489-11495Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2348-16.2016
Keywords
basal ganglia; conflict; oscillations; response inhibition; stopping; surprise
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [DA DA026452]
- James S. McDonnell Grant [220020375]
- European Union [655605]
- Medical Research Council of Great Britain [MC_UU_12024/1]
- European Research Council
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
- Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12024/1, G0901503] Funding Source: researchfish
- Rosetrees Trust [M235-CD3] Funding Source: researchfish
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [655605] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
- MRC [MC_UU_12024/1, G0901503] Funding Source: UKRI
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The subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia appears to have a potent role in action and cognition. Anatomical and imaging studies show that different frontal cortical areas directly project to the STN via so-called hyperdirect pathways. This review reports some of the latest findings about such circuits, including simultaneous recordings from cortex and the STN in humans, single-unit recordings in humans, high-resolution fMRI, and neurocomputational modeling. We argue that a major function of the STN is to broadly pause behavior and cognition when stop signals, conflict signals, or surprise signals occur, and that the fronto-STN circuits for doing this, at least for stopping and conflict, are dissociable anatomically and in terms of their spectral reactivity. Wealso highlight recent evidence for synchronization of oscillations between prefrontal cortex and the STN, which may provide a preferential window in time for single neuron communication via long-range connections.
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