Intrageneric Relationship of Datnioides (Lobotiformes) Inferred from the Complete Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Operon

Tiger fish (genus Datnioides) are critical ornamental and economic fish and are valuable freshwater fish worldwide, belonging to the order Lobotiformes. Currently, there are five extant species (Datnioides campbelli, D. microlepis, D. polota, D. pulcher, and D. undecimradiatus) of Datnioides in the world, usually inhabiting in south and southeast Asia. Due to the decline of wild population sizes of tiger fish and the lack of molecular research on them, in the present study, we sequenced, assembled, and characterized the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) operon of all five extant tiger fish species, in order to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship among the genus Datnioides. The nrDNA sequences of five tiger fish species were 8548-9182 bp in length, encompassing complete 18S rDNA, ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, ITS2, 28S rDNA, and IGS regions. Numerous repetitive sequences were detected, substantially influencing the sequence length of different regions in each species. We employed maximum-likelihood (ML) method and Bayesian inference (BI) method to construct phylogenetic trees for Datnioides. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that each region in nrDNA operon is not sufficiently phylogenetically informative to delineate the species in Datnioides; nevertheless, the whole operon is able to delineate five tiger fish species much better, three of five species were successfully partitioned. Particularly, regardless of employed markers, it was strongly supported that D. campbelli was considerably partitioned from the other four species, possibly due to the geographical separation. In spite of the fact that discrimination of Datnioides species requires further investigation, our study provides reference genome resources for the Lobotiformes, as well as insights into the phylogenetic position of Lobotiformes and further biological conservation.

Automated summary

In this study, the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) operon of five extant tiger fish species was sequenced and analyzed to elucidate their phylogenetic relationship. The results showed that the whole nrDNA operon can better distinguish the five tiger fish species, with three species showing significant differentiation. Although further investigation is needed for species discrimination, this study provides genome resources for Lobotiformes and insights into their phylogenetic position and conservation.