Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 36, Issue 19, Pages 5314-5327Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4333-15.2016
Keywords
basal forebrain; cholinergic; locus ceruleus; neuromodulation; noradrenergic; sensory cortex
Categories
Funding
- Korean government through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP) [2015048055, NRF-2014R1A1A3054603]
- Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute - Ministry of Health Welfare [HI14C2437]
- MSIP as Global Frontier Project [CISS-2012M3A6A6054204]
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression Young Investigator Grant - Brain&Behavior Research Foundation
- End Run project - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) [N01150685]
- KAIST Undergraduate Research Program fellowship [N01130909]
- TJ Park Science Fellowship
- Korea Health Promotion Institute [HI14C2437000016] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning, Republic of Korea [N01150685] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2014R1A1A3054603] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Acetylcholine and noradrenaline are major neuromodulators that affect sensory processing in the cortex. Modality-specific sensory information is processed in defined areas of the cortex, but it is unclear whether cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) and noradrenergic neurons in the locus ceruleus (LC) project to and modulate these areas in a sensory modality-selective manner. Here, we mapped BF and LC projections to different sensory cortices of the mouse using dual retrograde tracing. We found that while the innervation of cholinergic neurons into sensory cortices is predominantly modality specific, the projections of noradrenergic neurons diverge onto multiple sensory cortices. Consistent with this anatomy, optogenetic activation of cholinergic neurons in BF subnuclei induces modality-selective desynchronization in specific sensory cortices, whereas activation of noradrenergic LC neurons induces broad desynchronization throughout multiple sensory cortices. Thus, wedemonstrate a clear distinction in the organization and function of cholinergic BF and noradrenergic LC projections into primary sensory cortices: cholinergic BF neurons are highly selective in their projections and modulation of specific sensory cortices, whereas noradrenergic LC neurons broadly innervate and modulate multiple sensory cortices.
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