Journal
ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS
Volume 105, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104868
Keywords
Sarcopenia; Aged; Physical exercise; Systematic review
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This study compared the effects of different modalities of physical exercises on the sarcopenia diagnostic criteria in older people. The results showed that resistance training had positive effects on strength and skeletal muscle mass, while mixed modalities of exercise had positive effects on physical performance. However, there were methodological limitations in the included studies, and more research is needed to confirm the findings.
Objective: To compare the results of different modalities of physical exercises on the sarcopenia diagnostic criteria in older people. Methods: Systematic review of systematic reviews. Search strategy included older people and sarcopenia MeSh, performed at mainly databases. Selected studies include older adults, submitted to physical training (Intervention Group: IG) compared to control groups (CG). Quantitative analyses with the inverse variance statistic method (random effects). The effect measures mean difference. Heterogeneity measured with Q-Test.Results: 494 systematic reviews found. After screening, 5 were included (48 papers. n=3,877). Mean age: 74.02 +/- 6.1. 73.44% female. Mean interventions duration: 17.38 weeks (average: 2.56 weekly sessions). AMSTAR and PRISMA showed high methodological quality. Meta-analyses compared results of resistance training interventions (RTA) with other than resistance (Non-resistance Training interventions: NRTA). Handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and gait speed showed statistically significant differences (SSD) favorable to IG. In chair stand test, RTA showed SSD favorable to the IG, and NRTA to CG. The timed-up-and-go do not showed SSD. Discussion: The SMM and strength showed better results in RTA, although the confidence intervals (CI) overlap. Both valences can be trained with similar volume and training intensity, which can modify muscle volume and strength. Physical performance obtained better results in NRTA, even with CI overlap. For severely sarcopenic, training including more than one valence may be best. In sarcopenia diagnosis most studies do not take into account the consensuses of standardization, making hard the larger groups analysis.Conclusion: Being part of any training program can be beneficial for sarcopenia in older people, with resistance training better for strength and SMM, and mixed modalities for physical performance.
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