Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
Volume 115, Issue 1, Pages 19-38Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00281.2015
Keywords
deep brain stimulation; basic science of clinical practice; Parkinson's disease; tremor; dystonia; obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Funding
- Anne Young Fellowship in Movement Disorders
- Bachman-Strauss Dystonia & Parkinson Foundation Fellowship
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- DARPA
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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely used for the treatment of movement disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia and, to a lesser extent, certain treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Rather than a single unifying mechanism, DBS likely acts via several, nonexclusive mechanisms including local and network-wide electrical and neurochemical effects of stimulation, modulation of oscillatory activity, synaptic plasticity, and, potentially, neuroprotection and neurogenesis. These different mechanisms vary in importance depending on the condition being treated and the target being stimulated. Here we review each of these in turn and illustrate how an understanding of these mechanisms is inspiring next-generation approaches to DBS.
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