4.6 Article

Magnetic-Field-Confined Laser Induced Kohl Plasma: Elemental Analysis and Plasma Characterization

Journal

APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
Volume 77, Issue 4, Pages 393-404

Publisher

SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/00037028231153405

Keywords

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; kohl plasma; magnetic confinement; toxic elements; plasma parameters; calibration-free LIBS; CF-LIBS

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In this study, laser-induced kohl plasma was generated near a transverse magnetic field of 0.8 T. The emission spectra analysis revealed that most of the emission line intensities decreased due to the field, with a few lines showing an increase. Plasma parameters such as electron temperature, electron number density, and plasma frequency were found to increase. The analysis of the kohl emission spectrum detected several elements, including lead and chromium, which may have chronic health effects.
In this study, the laser-induced kohl plasma is produced in the vicinity of the transverse magnetic field (B) of 0.8 T. A Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) pulse laser (lambda = 1064 nm, E = 100 mJ, tau(l) = 8 ns) is focused to produce the kohl plasma with and without a B, and the plasma emissions are recorded using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectrometer. The comparison of the emission spectra shows that most of the emission line intensities are reduced due to the field. However, except for a few lines which are enhanced up to three times. However, the plasma parameters such as electron temperature (T-e), electron number density (N-e), and plasma frequency (?(p)) have been increased. Furthermore, thermal beta (beta t) is also estimated analytically, and its value is smaller than one (beta < 1) for all samples, which confirmed the evidence of magnetic confinement effects. According to the analysis of the kohl emission spectrum, several elements were detected (Pb, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cr, and Zn), among which lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) may cause chronic health effects like contact dermatitis and neurological diseases. A calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) method is used for the quantitative elemental analysis of the detected elements, which yields Pb as 15-74% and Cr as 3%, which exceed the permissible limit for kohl.

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