Journal
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
Volume 321, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.122049
Keywords
Band structure; Photoredox; C(sp3)-H bond activation; Radical-radical cross-coupling; Difunctionalization
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This study explores the construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-O bonds through the oxidation of beta-carbonyl C(sp3)-H bonds by photo-generated holes. The tandem radical-radical cross-coupling, hydrogen atom transfer, and radical-radical cross-coupling reactions enable an effective difunctionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds.
The construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds by different C(sp3) radicals coupling reactions is still unexplored due to the high bond dissociation energy of C(sp3)-H bond and the difficulty for selective generating of C(sp3) radical. Benefiting from the precisely regulating for band structures of Hf-PCN-224(M), the beta-carbonyl C(sp3)-H bonds are effectively oxidized by photo-generated holes to affording C(sp3) radicals in this work. C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-O bonds are constructed by tandem radical-radical cross-coupling, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), and radical -radical cross-coupling between two C(sp3)-H bonds, enabling an effective C3-difunctionalization of indolin-2-ones under photo-thermo synergetic catalysis on Hf-PCN-224(Cu). Significantly, OH serves as triple roles: introduced hydroxyl group in situ, HAT abstractor and alpha-heteroatom for secondary activating C(sp3)-H bonds. Control experiments, EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculation provide insight into the tandem radicals cross -coupling mechanism. This operable strategy opens up a door for the difunctionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds in heterogeneous photoredox manner.
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