Journal
ANALYST
Volume 148, Issue 1, Pages 137-145Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d2an01674e
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Funding
- SERB Research Scientists scheme [SB/SRS/2018-2019-05/CS]
- Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science [SB/SRS/2018-2019-05/CS]
- [CSD/CSM/2022/08]
- [CE170100026]
- Australian Research Council [CE170100026] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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This study successfully converts the carcinogenic Congo red dye into environmentally friendly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) through a hydrothermal method. The synthesized CDs exhibit excellent fluorescence properties and biocompatibility. They selectively respond to Fe3+ ions and can be used for real-time detection using a paper-based analytical tool.
In this work, we have meticulously tuned the carcinogenic Congo red dye to environmentally benign fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) by adopting a typical hydrothermal method without any additives. The as-synthesized CDs were extremely water soluble, exhibited an excitation wavelength independent emission with a high fluorescence quantum yield (46%) and were biocompatible. The microscopy results revealed that the CDs were quasi-spherical with a particle diameter of similar to 5 nm. The structure and functional groups of the CDs were comprehensively investigated using Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy analyses. These studies show that the CDs were intrinsically functionalized with -OH, N-H and C=O goups. In the sensing experiments, the CDs selectively responded to Fe3+ ions over other analytes with a detection limit of 12 nM. The time-resolved fluorescence quenching measurements were used to decipher the sensing mechanism. For the onsite 'equipment-free' detection of iron, we have developed a CD adsorbed paper-based analytical tool. Furthermore, the selective nature of CDs was highly beneficial for detecting Fe3+ in non-heme metalloprotein (ferritin) and real water samples. Thus, the CDs produced from the Congo red dye could be a prospective asset to the bio-imaging and biosensing research fields.
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