Journal
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
Volume 84, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101834
Keywords
Parkinson?s Disease; Pre-motor symptoms; Non-motor symptoms; Motor symptoms; Neurodegenerative diseases; Brain-intestine axis
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Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects dopaminergic neurons in the mesencephalic substantia nigra, causing a progressive clinical course characterized by pre-motor, non-motor and motor symptoms. The study aims to discuss the clinical manifestations of PD and the correlation with the gut-brain axis, focusing on epidemiology and therapeutic perspectives for early identification of symptoms.
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects dopaminergic neurons in the mesencephalic substantia nigra, causing a progressive clinical course characterized by pre-motor, non-motor and motor symptoms, which negatively impact the quality of life of patients and cause high health care costs. Therefore, the present study aims to discuss the clinical manifestations of PD and to make a correlation with the gut-brain (GB) axis, approaching epidemiology and therapeutic perspectives, to better understand its clinical progression and identify symptoms early. A literature review was performed regarding the association between clinical pro-gression, the gut-brain axis, epidemiology, and therapeutic perspectives, in addition to detailing pre-motor, non -motor symptoms (neuropsychiatric, cognitive, autonomic, sleep disorders, sensory abnormalities) and cardinal motor symptoms. Therefore, this article addresses a topic of extreme relevance, since the previously mentioned clinical manifestations (pre-motor and non-motor) can often act as prodromal markers for the early diagnosis of PD and may precede it by up to 20 years.
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