Duet-Insurance Eutectic Electrolytes for Zinc-Ion Capacitor Pouch Cells

Eutectic electrolytes are emerging to be explored to meet the high demand for aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (AZICs) due to their high electrochemical stability and environmental-friendly feature. Notably, a large-scale requirement for a practical AZIC has been addressed to balance decent performance and increase package size. Thus, a duet-insurance eutectic electrolyte (DIEE) is proposed by introducing successively heavy water (D2O) and dimethyl sulfoxide in an aqueous chaotropic Zn salt solution, which hindered the severe irreversibility of Zn anodes compared to that lacking this dual-solvent protection. For example, the optimal DIEE delivered a high capacitance of 352.9 F g(-1) at 0.5 A g(-1) and excellent capacitance retention of approximate to 100% over 30,000 cycles at 2 A g(-1) implementing in pouch cells and showing the ability to operate at a low temperature. Besides, experimental (e.g., nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electric double-layer capacitance, etc.) and theoretical techniques (e.g., molecular dynamics simulation, density functional theory) illustrate the vital presence of contact ion pairs and aggregates ion species. Ultimately, this efficient DIEE system employing duet-insurance protections provides a promising direction for designing novel eutectic electrolytes for AZICs chemistries.

Automated summary

Eutectic electrolytes are being explored for AZICs due to their high electrochemical stability and environmental-friendly feature. The introduction of heavy water and dimethyl sulfoxide provides double-solvent protection, improving the reversibility of Zn anodes. The optimal duet-insurance eutectic electrolyte exhibits high capacitance and excellent capacitance retention, and can operate at a low temperature.