High Thermoelectric Performance in Earth-Abundant Cu3SbS4 by Promoting Doping Efficiency via Rational Vacancy Design

Sulfides are well investigated as thermoelectric materials but their performance is typically limited by low electrical conductivity. High electrical performance in Cu3SbS4 is reported by creating high valence vacancies, which efficiently provides multiple carriers. It is revealed from the perspective of a chemical bond by calculations that Al can serve as vacancy stabilizer as its entry into the lattice forms intensified bonds with neighboring atoms and lowers the vacancy formation energy. As a result, the average power factor of Cu3SbS4 with 9 wt% CuAlS2 reaches 16.1 mu W cm(-1) K-2. Finally, by further addition of AgAlS2, a peak zT of 1.3 and an average zT of 0.77 are obtained due to the reduced thermal conductivity. The attained average power factor and average zT are superior to other low-toxic thermoelectric sulfides. The findings shed light on the new strategy for creating favorable vacancies to realize high-efficiency doping in thermoelectric materials.

Automated summary

High electrical performance in Cu3SbS4 is achieved by creating high valence vacancies and using aluminum as a vacancy stabilizer. The addition of CuAlS2 improves the average power factor to 16.1 mu W cm(-1) K-2, and further addition of AgAlS2 reduces the thermal conductivity, resulting in a peak zT of 1.3 and an average zT of 0.77. These findings provide insights into a new strategy for high-efficiency doping in thermoelectric materials.