Macroscopic Supramolecular Assembly of Rigid Building Blocks Facilitated by Layer-By-Layer Assembled Microgel Film

Macroscopic supramolecular assembly (MSA) of building blocks larger than 1 mu m provides new methodology for fabrication of functional supramolecular materials and a platform for mechanism investigation of interfacial phenomena. Most reports on MSA are restricted to soft hydrogels, and supramolecular groups can be directly integrated into a hydrogel matrix to generate sufficient attraction for maintaining macroscopic assemblies. For non-hydrogel stiff building blocks, two layer-by-layer modification processes consisting of flexible spacing coating and additional interacting groups are necessary to enable MSA, which is laborious and time-consuming. Approaches for highly efficient MSA based on flexible spacing coating are desired. In this work, MSA of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) building blocks is demonstrated by inducing microgel films that serve as both flexible spacing coating and surface functional groups, thus avoiding a two-step LbL modification process. By the varying bilayer number of microgel films, the MSA probability of modified PDMS increases from 54% at 3 bilayers to 100% at 6 bilayers. Control experiments and in situ force measurement strongly support the obtained MSA results and verify the dominant role of the microgel film as a flexible spacing coating and a supramolecularly interactive layer in achieving MSA. Moreover, the underlying mechanism is interpreted as low Young's modulus microgel films rendering surface groups highly mobile to enhance the multivalent interfacial binding. Taken together, this work has demonstrated the feasibility of MSA of rigid building blocks assisted by microgel films as flexible spacing coating and supramolecularly interactive layer simultaneously, which may extend the application fields of microgel materials to interfacial adhesion and advanced manufacturing with MSA methodology.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates the macroscopic supramolecular assembly (MSA) of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) building blocks using microgel films as flexible spacing coating and surface functional groups. The microgel films play a key role in achieving MSA by enhancing interfacial binding and reducing the laborious two-step modification process.