Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 15, Issue 3, Pages 4275-4283Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22292
Keywords
organic solar cells; anthracene core; nonfullerene acceptors; steric hindrance; side chain engineering
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By changing the position of substituents, nonfused ring electron acceptors with good solubility and ordered packing capability were successfully obtained. Compared with m-AT-2Cl, o-AT-2Cl exhibits a more ordered packing and shows better performance when blended with polymer donor D18 for the fabrication of solar cells.
Solving the contradiction between good solubility and dense packing is a challenge in designing high-performance nonfullerene acceptors. Herein, two simple nonfused ring electron acceptors (o-AT-2Cl and m-AT-2Cl) carrying ortho-or meta-substituted hexyloxy side chains can be facilely synthesized in only three steps. The two ortho-substituted phenyl side chains in o-AT-2Cl cannot freely rotate due to a big steric hindrance, which endows the acceptor with good solubility. Moreover, o-AT-2Cl displays a more ordered packing than m-AT-2Cl as revealed by the absorption measurement. When blended with polymer donor D18 for the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs), o-AT-2Cl-based devices exhibit a favorable morphology, more efficient exciton dissociation, and better charge transport. Consequently, the optimal OSCs based on D18:o-AT-2Cl exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.8%, which is significantly higher than the moderate PCE (7.66%) for D18:m-AT-2Cl-based devices. Remarkably, o-AT-2Cl shows a higher figure-of-merit value compared with classic high-efficiency fused ring electron acceptors. As a result, our research succeeds in obtaining nonfused ring acceptors with cost-effective photovoltaic performance and provides a valuable experience for simultaneously improving solubility as well as ensuring ordered packing of acceptors through regulating the steric hindrance via changing the position of substituents.
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