Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume -, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16081
Keywords
electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction; Mo doping; DFT calculations; distal reaction pathway
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21902189, 22271036, 12274050]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [DUT21LK17, DUT22LK15]
- Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization [RERU2022011]
- Hongzhiwei Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
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This study reports a molybdenum-doped iron oxide catalyst with enhanced activity and selectivity for the electrochemical reduction of N2 to NH3. Molybdenum doping induces morphology change and lattice defects, creating more active sites. The catalyst exhibits high ammonia production rate and Faradaic efficiency, outperforming other catalysts.
Electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) emerges as a highly attractive alternative to the Haber-Bosch process for producing ammonia (NH3) under ambient circumstances. Currently, this technology still faces tremendous challenges due to the low ammonia production rate and low Faradaic efficiency, urgently prompting researchers to explore highly efficient electrocatalysts. Inspired by the Fe-Mo cofactor in nitrogenase, we report Mo-doped hematite (Fe2O3) porous nanospheres containing Fe-O-Mo subunits for enhanced activity and selectivity in the electrochemical reduction from N2 to NH3. Mo-doping induces the morphology change from a solid sphere to a porous sphere and enriches lattice defects, creating more active sites. It also regulates the electronic structures of Fe2O3 to accelerate charge transfer and enhance the intrinsic activity. As a consequence, Mo-doped Fe2O3 achieves effective N2 fixation with a high ammonia production rate of 21.3 +/- 1.1 mu g h-1 mgcat.-1 as well as a prominent Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 11.2 +/- 0.6%, superior to the undoped Fe2O3 and other iron oxide catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further unravel that the Mo-doping in Fe2O3 (110) narrows the band gap, promotes the N2 activation on the Mo site with an elongated N=N bond length of 1.132 angstrom in the end-on configuration, and optimizes an associative distal pathway with a decreased energy barrier. Our results may pave the way toward enhancing the electrocatalytic NRR performance of iron-based materials by atomic-scale heteroatom doping.
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