Journal
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
Volume 123, Issue 6, Pages 643-651Publisher
SPRINGER WIEN
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1571-0
Keywords
fMRI; Cortex; Atrophy; HIV; Inhibition; Striatum
Categories
Funding
- National Research Fund International Research Training Grant [IRTG 1522]
- Medical Research Council of South Africa
- Biological Psychiatry Special Interest Group of the South African Society of Psychiatrists
- HIV research Trust [HIVRT14-049]
- EDCTP Strategic Primary Grant [SP.2011.41304.065.]
- Verein fur Parkinson-Forschung grant
- Abbott
- Astrazeneca
- Biocodex
- Eli-Lilly
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals
- Johnson Johnson
- Lundbeck
- Novartis
- Orion
- Pfizer
- Pharmacia
- Roche
- Servier
- Solvay
- Sumitomo
- Sun
- Takeda
- Tikvah
- Wyeth
- MRC of South Africa
- Janssen
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While cortical thinning has been associated with HIV infection, it is unclear whether this reflects a direct effect of the virus, whether it is related to disruption of subcortical function or whether it is better explained by epiphenomena, such as drug abuse or comorbid medical conditions. The present study investigated the relationship between cortical thickness and subcortical function in HIV+ patients. Specifically, we examined the relationship between prefrontal cortical thickness and striatal function. Twenty-three largely treatment na < ve, non-substance abusing HIV+ participants and 19 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and educational status were included. Cortical morphometry was performed using FreeSurfer software analysis. Striatal function was measured during an fMRI stop-signal anticipation task known to engage the striatum. Any cortical regions showing significant thinning were entered as dependent variables into a single linear regression model which included subcortical function, age, CD4 count, and a measure of global cognitive performance as independent predictors. The only cortical region that was significantly reduced after correction for multiple comparisons was the right superior frontal gyrus. Striatal activity was found to independently predict superior frontal gyral cortical thickness. While cortical thinning in HIV infection is likely multifactorial, viral induced subcortical dysfunction appears to play a role.
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