Effect of Thymosin β4 on the Differentiation and Mineralization of MC3T3-E1 Cell on a Titanium Surface

Osteoblasts are responsible for the synthesis of bone matrix through the secretion of collagenous and non-collagenous proteins with mineralization. Thymosin beta 4 (T beta 4) is an actin-sequestering peptide that is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and motility. A recent study reported that the inhibition of T(/$)4 beta mRNA synthesis strongly decreases the level of gene expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteonectin (ON) and collagen type I (Col I) with mineralization during differentiation in odontoblasts. Titanium (Ti) is used commonly as an implant material for dental implants, which have strong mechanical potential and good biocompatibility with bone. This study examined whether T beta 4 can be a potential molecule for promoting the differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells on a Ti surface. T/34 increased the viability of MC3T3-E1 cells during differentiation on Ti discs compared to that of the control. The expression of T beta 4 rnFiNA and protein in the T beta 4-treated MC3T3-E1 cells was higher than the control during differentiation on the Ti discs. In addition, T/34 increased the formation of mineralization nodules and the mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), DSPP, dentin matrix protein1 (DMP1), BSP and Col I compared to that of the control in MC3T3-E1 cells during differentiation on Ti discs. From the results, T/34 increased the viability and promoted the differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells on Ti discs. This highlights the potential use of T beta 4 for increasing osseointegration through osteoblast differentiation and mineralization on Ti discs.