In vitro antiviral effect of silver nanoparticles against SARS-CoV-2

Introduction: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory tract disease caused by the emerging coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Although several options for che-moprophylaxis are under development, effective treatment for COVID-19 is not yet available.Objective: To investigate the antiviral properties of synthesized silver na-noparticles (AgNPs) against SARS-CoV-2 using in vitro models. Materials and methods: This work synthesized AgNPs using an electro-chemical method and characterized them using physico-chemical techni-ques (ICP-OES, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy). AgNPs with diameter sizes ranging between 2.6 to 30 nm and an average size of 6.2 nm were obtained by the electrochemical method. The cytotoxic effect and the antiviral activity of prepared AgNPs against SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated in vitro using Vero E6 cells. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay in the presence of serial dilutions of AgNPs. The an-tiviral effect of AgNPs was evaluated before and after the infection of Vero E6 cells by plaque assay.Results: Cytotoxic effect was observed at concentrations above 0.07 ppm. AgNPs exhibit a significant reduction of SARS-CoV-2 viral titer after a pre -post treatment strategy with inhibition of 96.5%, 64.13%, and 74.72% at 0.03, 0.017, and 0.008 ppm, respectively.Conclusion: Our results suggest that AgNPs could reduce SARS-CoV-2 re-plication with a low cytotoxic effect. Still, additional in vitro and in vivo stu-dies are required to define its potential therapeutic application in humans.

Automated summary

In this study, the antiviral properties of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against SARS-CoV-2 were investigated using in vitro models. The cytotoxic effect and antiviral activity of AgNPs in Vero E6 cells were evaluated. The results showed that AgNPs significantly reduced the viral titer of SARS-CoV-2 with low cytotoxicity.