3.8 Review

Advanced Imaging in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Literature Review of the Current State of the Art

Journal

GE PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 30, Issue 3, Pages 175-191

Publisher

KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000527083

Keywords

Advanced imaging; Diagnosis; Endoscopy; Virtual chromoendoscopy

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This article reviews the latest developments in advanced GI endoscopy, focusing on screening, diagnosis, and surveillance of common upper and lower GI pathology. The importance of artificial intelligence in the field is emphasized, and the potential future impact of the literature is assessed.
Background and Aims: Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has known a great evolution in the last decades. Imaging techniques evolved from imaging with only standard white light endoscopes toward high-definition resolution endoscopes and the use of multiple color enhancement techniques, over to automated endoscopic assessment systems based on artificial intelligence. This narrative literature review aimed to provide a detailed overview on the latest evolutions within the field of advanced GI endoscopy, mainly focusing on the screening, diagnosis, and surveillance of common upper and lower GI pathology. Methods: This review comprises only literature about screening, diagnosis, and surveillance strategies using advanced endoscopic imaging techniques published in (inter)national peer-reviewed journals and written in English. Studies with only adult patients included were selected. A search was performed using MESH terms: dye-based chromoendoscopy, virtual chromoendoscopy, video enhancement technique, upper GI tract, lower GI tract, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, artificial intelligence. This review does not elaborate on the therapeutic application or impact of advanced GI endoscopy. Conclusions: Focusing on current and future applications and evolutions in the field of both upper and lower GI advanced endoscopy, this overview is a practical but detailed projection of the latest developments. Within this review, an active leap toward artificial intelligence and its recent developments in GI endoscopy was made. Additionally, the literature is weighted against the current international guidelines and assessed for its potential positive future impact.

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