Journal
CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY
Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 1-10Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2014.08.003
Keywords
Calcific aortic valve disease; Model; Quantification methods; In vitro
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation (Graduate Research Fellowship) [DGE-0909667]
- National Institutes of Health [HL094707, HL115103]
- National Science Foundation [1055384]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [1055384] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) affects 25% of people over 65, and the late-stage stenotic state can only be treated with total valve replacement, requiring 85,000 surgeries annually in the US alone (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2013, http://umm.edu/programs/services/heart-center-programs/cardiothoracic-surgery/ valve-surgery/facts). As CAVD is an age-related disease, many of the affected patients are unable to undergo the open-chest surgery that is its only current cure. This challenge motivates the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in calcification, with the eventual goal of alternative preventative and therapeutic strategies. There is no sufficient animal model of CAVD, so we turn to potential in vitro models. In general, in vitro models have the advantages of shortened experiment time and better control over multiple variables compared to in vivo models. As with all models, the hypothesis being tested dictates the most important characteristics of the in vivo physiology to recapitulate. Here, we collate the relevant pieces of designing and evaluating aortic valve calcification so that investigators can more effectively draw significant conclusions from their results. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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