Journal
BILINGUALISM-LANGUAGE AND COGNITION
Volume -, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S1366728922000736
Keywords
prediction; sentence processing; bilingualism; visual-world eye-tracking; ERP
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Funding
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [101024414]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [101024414] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
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This review provides an update on the differences in prediction between first and second languages, showing that prediction in L2 processing often emerges later and/or is weaker than in L1 processing, and provides an explanation for the possible reasons behind these differences.
This review provides an update on what we know about differences in prediction in a first and second language after several years of extensive research. It shows when L1/L2 differences are most likely to occur and provides an explanation as to why they occur. For example, L2 speakers may capitalize more on semantic information for prediction than L1 speakers, or possibly they do not make predictions due to differences in the weighting of cues. A different weighting of cues can be the result of prior experience from the L1 and/or the prior experience in an experiment which affects L1 and L2 processing to a different extent. Overall, prediction in L2 processing often emerges later and/or is weaker than in L1 processing. Because L2 processing is generally slower, L1/L2 differences are likely to occur at certain levels of prediction, most notably at the form level, in line with a prediction-by-production mechanism.
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