Pollution risk transfer in cross-border tourism: the role of disembodied technology communications in a spatial hyperbolic model

How to identify the spatial spillover effects and pollution risk transfer in cross-border tourism remains a research gap in the literature. This study embeds disembodied technology communications into the classical environmental Kuznets curve to develop a new tourism-induced environmental spatial hyperbolic model to differentiate these two opposite effects. This study finds that the disembodied technology communications of cross-border tourism reduce the pollution emissions of destinations in both local and adjacent regions. The relationships between pollution emissions and the economic growth of destinations in local and adjacent areas present an inverted U-shaped curve and a U-shaped curve, respectively. These results highlight that governments should upgrade the quality of cross-border tourism consumption to induce disembodied technology communications from developed countries.

Automated summary

The research gap in the literature lies in the identification of spatial spillover effects and pollution risk transfer in cross-border tourism. This study develops a new tourism-induced environmental spatial hyperbolic model by incorporating disembodied technology communications into the classical environmental Kuznets curve to distinguish these two opposing effects. The study finds that disembodied technology communications resulting from cross-border tourism reduce pollution emissions in both local and adjacent regions. The relationship between pollution emissions and economic growth in local and adjacent areas follows an inverted U-shaped curve and a U-shaped curve, respectively. These findings emphasize the need for governments to improve the quality of cross-border tourism consumption to facilitate disembodied technology communications from developed countries.