Assessment of Anxiety and Depression, and Coping Mechanisms During COVID-19 Lockdown among Pregnant Women

Background: COVID-19 lockdown was associated with disruption of daily life, economy, essential health services including maternal health service, and psychological reflexes such as panic, sleep disorders, fear, anxiety, and depression. Aim: To assess the perception of pregnant women on the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and the prevalence of common mental health disorders (CMHD) among pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 pregnant women at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan; participants were enrolled using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Information obtained-sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, perception and reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, effect on ANC, coping mechanisms, and presence of CMHD (anxiety and depression) were measured using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were analysed using STATA 16.0 Software. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were performed. The level of significance was p-value<0.05. Results: The mean age was 32 +/- 4.78years, most respondents were <35years(75%), married(97.1%), had a higher education(89%) and multiparous(70%). About 43.9% were worried that COVID-19 would affect pregnancy care, 42.9% reported it affected care and 81.6% were not worried it would affect the delivery care. Among respondents, 96.6% were able to cope with the effects of the pandemic and 96.8% enjoyed good social support. Respondents did not have CMHD (88.16%), 7.9% had CMHD (4.74% had depression and 3.16% had anxiety) and 3.95% had co-morbid depression and anxiety. On multinomial regression analysis, relative to anxiety or depression only, respondents with combined depression and anxiety had higher odds of having no delivery plan and thought COVID-19 may affect their delivery. Conclusion: Only a few women reported anxiety and depression symptoms during the lockdown and those with anxiety or combined symptoms of anxiety and depression had no birth plan and believed that COVID-19 would affect their delivery.

Automated summary

This study assessed the perception of pregnant women on the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and the prevalence of common mental health disorders (CMHD) among pregnant women. The results showed that only a few women reported anxiety and depression symptoms during the lockdown, and those with these symptoms often lacked a birth plan and believed that COVID-19 would affect their delivery.