Journal
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 3057-3067Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-022-00555-7
Keywords
Polybenzoxazine; Toughening; Quadruple hydrogen bonds
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1810118, 51773185]
- Key Research and Development Plan of Shanxi Province [201803D421088]
- Program for the Innovative Talents of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi
- North University of China Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [JQ201903]
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By introducing a 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidone dimer into polybenzoxazine, the balance among impact strength, thermal stability, and processability can be achieved. This strategy can also be applied to carbon fiber surface modification to enhance the interfacial adhesion between fibers and resins.
As a new thermosetting resin, polybenzoxazine has attracted extensive attention because of its excellent properties. However, the biggest challenge of polybenzoxazine is the balance among impact strength, thermal stability, and processability. In this work, we first introduced a 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidone (UPy, containing quadruple hydrogen bonds) dimer into benzoxazine to tackle this challenge. In the blends containing 3 wt% UPy, its toughness and thermal properties have been simultaneously improved, while maintaining a high modulus and a negligible increasement in viscosity. The impact strength and the glass transition temperature (T-g) reach 16.39 kJ center dot m(-2) and 221 degrees C, which are 172% and 10 degrees C higher than that of polybenzoxazine, respectively. Meanwhile, this strategy was extended to carbon fiber surface modification to enhance the interfacial adhesion between fibers and resins. The mechanical properties of modified fiber composites are significantly improved. Furthermore, we firstly designed the cyclic flexural experiment of material and tried to propose an effective method to verify the effect of hydrogen bond dynamics on flexural properties of polybenzoxazine. Here, we not only provide a new way to get a balance among different properties of polybenzoxazine but also give a broad insight on the application of additional hydrogen bonds in thermoset resins.
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