Computational Insights of Bioconvective Third Grade Nanofluid Flow past a Riga Plate with Triple Stratification and Swimming Microorganisms

The goal of this study is to examine the heat-mass effects of a third grade nanofluid flow through a triply stratified medium containing nanoparticles and gyrostatic microorganisms swimming in the flow. The heat and mass fluxes are considered as a non-Fourier model. The governing models are constructed as a partial differential system. Using correct transformations, these systems are converted to an ordinary differential model. Ordinary systems are solved using convergent series solutions. The effects of physical parameters for fluid velocity, fluid temperature, nanoparticle volume percentage, motile microbe density, skin friction coefficients, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number are all illustrated in detail. When the values of the bioconvection Lewis number increase, the entropy rate also rises. The porosity parameter and modified Hartmann number show the opposite behaviour in the velocity profile.

Automated summary

This study examines the heat-mass effects of a third grade nanofluid flow through a triply stratified medium with nanoparticles and gyrostatic microorganisms swimming in the flow, using a non-Fourier model for heat and mass fluxes. Results show detailed illustrations of the effects of various physical parameters and reveal that as the bioconvection Lewis number increases, the entropy rate rises, while the porosity parameter and modified Hartmann number exhibit opposite behavior in the velocity profile.