Men's perception of information and psychological distress in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer: a comparative mixed methods study

Background Previous studies indicate that men experience frustration and uncertainty when confronted with an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) test and during further diagnostics for prostate cancer. The novel Stockholm3 test is an algorithm-based test that combines plasma protein biomarkers, genetic markers and clinical variables in predicting the risk of PCa. The test was introduced in a western part of Norway as a new tool for detecting prostate cancer. This study aimed to explore and compare men's perception of information and possible experience of distress between a PSA group and a Stockholm3 group during the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer. Methods This study is a part of the trailing research evaluating the impact of the change from PSA to Stockholm3. It is a multicenter study using a comparative mixed method design. Data were collected in a PSA group (n = 130) and a Stockholm3 group (n = 120) between 2017 and 2019. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaires and qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews (n = 20). The quantitative and qualitative data were analysed and compared separately and then merged in a side-by-side discussion. The study adheres to the GRAMMS guidelines for reporting mixed-methods research. Results Compared with the PSA group, men in the Stockholm3 group reported that the information from the general practitioners was better. Similarly, men in the Stockholm3 group were more likely to indicate that they had received sufficient information regarding how examinations would be conducted. No differences were found between the groups regarding waiting time and distress. Three themes emerged from the qualitative analysis of the two groups: Information affects the experience of comprehension, Stepping into the world of the healthcare system, and Periodically feelings of distress. Conclusion The Stockholm3 test may facilitate the provision of information to patients. However, some patients in both groups experienced distress and would benefit from more information and additional support from healthcare professionals. Routines that ensure sufficient information from the interdisciplinary healthcare team should be of priority during the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer in order to provide patients with predictability and to avoid unnecessary distress.

Automated summary

This study compared the perception of information and distress between a PSA group and a Stockholm3 group during the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer. The results showed that compared to the PSA group, men in the Stockholm3 group reported better information from their general practitioners and felt they received sufficient information about the examinations. However, there were no differences between the groups in terms of waiting time and distress. Qualitative analysis identified three themes: the impact of information on comprehension, entering the healthcare system, and periodic feelings of distress. The study concluded that while the Stockholm3 test may improve information provision, some patients in both groups still experienced distress and would benefit from more information and support from healthcare professionals.