Journal
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2022.884364
Keywords
solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency; photoelectrochemical; incident photon-to-current efficiency???????; III-V tandem solar cells; faradaic efficiency; light source calibration; water splitting
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Funding
- HydroGEN Advanced Water Splitting Materials Consortium
- Energy Materials Network under the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308, DE-AC02-05CH11231]
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This article introduces how to prepare and measure photoelectrochemical components to improve solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, and discusses common issues when comparing results obtained in different labs and by different groups.
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, which utilizes sunlight and water to produce hydrogen fuel, is potentially one of the most sustainable routes to clean energy. One challenge to success is that, to date, similar materials and devices measured in different labs or by different operators lead to quantitatively different results, due to the lack of accepted standard operating procedures and established protocols for PEC efficiency testing. With the aim of disseminating good practices within the PEC community, we provide a vetted protocol that describes how to prepare integrated components and accurately measure their solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency (eta(STH)). This protocol provides details on electrode fabrication, eta(STH) test device assembly, light source calibration, hydrogen evolution measurement, and initial material qualification by photocurrent measurements under monochromatic and broadband illumination. Common pitfalls in translating experimental results from any lab to an accurate STH efficiency under an AM1.5G reference spectrum are discussed. A III-V tandem photocathode is used to exemplify the process, though with small modifications, the protocol can be applied to photoanodes as well. Dissemination of PEC best practices will help those approaching the field and provide guidance for comparing the results obtained at different lab sites by different groups.
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