Childhood socioeconomic status and adulthood dietary diversity among Indonesian adults

Food insecurity problems still exist among people in low-to-middle income countries. The long-term disadvantages of socioeconomic status may contribute to chronic food insecurity. However, whether childhood socioeconomic status factors are related to food insecurity in adulthood remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the association between childhood socioeconomic status factors and one of the proxies for adulthood food security, dietary diversity. This study used the 2014 RAND Indonesia Family Life Survey dataset with 22,559 adult participants as study samples. The childhood socioeconomic status factors consisted of 16 questions about the participants' conditions when they were 12 years old. Adult dietary diversity was assessed using the United Nations World Food Programme's food consumption score. A linear regression model was used to analyze the association between variables. This study found that the number of owned books (beta coef.: 3.713-7.846, p < 0.001), the use of safe drinking-water sources (beta coef.: 0.707-5.447, p < 0.001-0.009) and standard toilets (beta coef.: 1.263-4.955, p < 0.001-0.002), parents with the habit of alcohol consumption (beta coef.: 2.983, p = 0.044) or the combination with smoking habits (beta coef.: 1.878, p < 0.001), self-employed with the permanent worker (beta coef.: 2.904, p = 0.001), still married biological parents (beta coef.: 1.379, p < 0.001), the number of rooms (beta coef.: 0.968, p < 0.001), people (beta coef.: 0.231, p < 0.001), and younger siblings (beta coef.: 0.209-0.368, p < 0.001-0.039) in the same house were positively and significantly associated with the outcome variable. Furthermore, in the order of childhood socioeconomic status factors, self-employment without permanent workers and casual work types (beta coef.: -9.661 to -2.094, p < 0.001-0.001), houses with electricity facilities (beta coef.: -4.007, p < 0.001), and parents with smoking habits (beta coef.: -0.578, p = 0.006) were negatively and significantly associated with the food security proxy. In conclusion, childhood and early socioeconomic disadvantage is related to adult food security status and may lead to poor health.

Automated summary

Food insecurity problems still exist among people in low-to-middle income countries. Childhood socioeconomic status is related to adult food security status.